Optimal use of scale economies in the Federal Reserve’s currency infrastructure

Could the Federal Reserve lower its overall currency processing costs by reallocating its high-speed currency sorting volume? Given estimates of currency shipping costs and scale economies for high-speed sorting, the authors’ model minimizes costs by optimal distribution of sorting volumes across possible processing sites, while maintaining levels of service to depository institutions. Their key findings are that most of the potential savings can be achieved without closing any existing processing sites and that locating a new site in Phoenix would help lower System processing costs.Federal Reserve banks - Costs ; Money

Optimal employment of scale economies in the Federal Reserve's currency infrastructure

Given estimates of shipping costs and scale economies for high-speed currency sorting, the authors investigate whether the Federal Reserve might lower its costs by reallocating the volume of sorting among its processing sites.Money ; Federal Reserve banks - Costs

Manufacturing and Supply Chain Flexibility: Building an Integrative Conceptual Model Through Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to establish the current themes on the topic of manufacturing and supply chain flexibility (MSCF), assess their level of maturity in relation to each other, identify the emerging ones and reflect on how they can inform each other, and second, to develop a conceptual model of MSCF that links different themes connect and highlight future research opportunities. The study builds on a sample of 222 articles published from 1996 to 2018 in international, peer-reviewed journals. The analysis of the sample involves two complementary approaches: the co-word technique to identify the thematic clusters as well as their relative standing and a critical reflection on the papers to explain the intellectual content of these thematic clusters. The results of the co-word analysis show that MSCF is a dynamic topic with a rich and complex structure that comprises five thematic clusters. The value chain, capability and volatility clusters showed research topics that were taking a central role in the discussion on MSCF but were not mature yet. The SC purchasing practices and SC planning clusters involved work that was more focused and could be considered more mature. These clusters were then integrated in a framework that built on the competence–capability perspective and identified the major structural and infrastructural elements of MSCF as well as its antecedents and consequences. This paper proposes an integrative framework helping managers keep track the various decisions they need to make to increase flexibility from the viewpoint of the entire value chain

Pricing Claims Under GARCH-Level Dependent Interest Rate Processes

This article considers the pricing of interest-rate-sensitive claims when the underlying interest rate is driven by a two-state-variable GARCH process. Analytical solutions are established for the case when the innovations in the short rate are normal and/or chi-squared random variables and the volatility of rates take on a special GARCH form. GARCH models that nest level-dependent interest rate models, including the Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross model, are also considered. Algorithms are provided that permit the efficient pricing of American-style interest rate claims under a rather broad array of GARCH-Level dependent processes.Option Pricing, GARCH Processes, Interest Rate Claims