Mixed-Mode Decohesion Elements for Analyses of Progressive Delamination

A new 8-node decohesion element with mixed- mode capability is proposed and demonstrated. The element is used at the interface between solid finite elements to model the initiation and propagation of delamination. A single displacement-based damage parameter is used in a strain softening law to track the damage state of the interface. The method can be used in conjunction with conventional material degradation procedures to account for inplane and intra-laminar damage modes. The accuracy of the predictions is evaluated in single mode delamination tests, in the mixed-mode bending test, and in a structural configuration consisting of the alebonding of a stifleher flange from its skin

More gray hair—but for whom? Scenario-based simulations of elderly activity travel patterns in 2020

Aging society, Economic change, Scenario analysis, Albatross, Activity-travel patterns,