4 research outputs found
Efekat tretmana semena elektromagnetnim poljem niskih frekvencija na produktivnost soje
Razvoj nauke i tehnologije ide u pravcu introdukcije novih pristupa
u oplemenjivanju biljaka i razliÄitih metoda za poveÄanja produktivnosti biljaka.
Jedna od najnovijih metoda je implementacija ekoloŔki prihvatljive tehnike
koriÅ”Äenja pulsirajuÄeg elektromagnetnog polja niskih frekvencija (PEMP). U radu
su prikazani rezultati uticaja elektromagnetne stimulacije semena soje na masu zrna
po biljci, masu 1.000 zrna i prinos zrna u razliÄitim agroekoloÅ”kim uslovima. U
trogodiÅ”njem istraživanju, u periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, koriÅ”Äena je sorta
soje Valjevka, gajena pri razliÄitim koliÄinama Äubriva (kontrola ā bez Äubrenja,
750 kg/ha i 1300 kg/ha). Pre setve, seme je bilo podvrgnuto stimulaciji sa PEMP u
varijantama: kontrola ā bez stimulacije i stimulacija naizmeniÄnim magnetnim
poljem sa indukcijom od 30 mT i vreme ekspozicije od 15 minuta. ProseÄna masa
zrna po biljci pri stimulaciji semena bila je za 11,53% (12,09) viŔa nego bez PEMP
(10,84). Masa 1.000 zrna sa PEMP je iznosila 155,99 g, Ŕto je bilo viŔe za 2,06% u
odnosu na varijantu bez PEMP (152,83 g). ProseÄan prinos zrna soje za sve tri
godine istraživanja sa stimulacijom semena je bio za 4,85% veÄi (3481,25 kg/ha)
nego bez PEMP (3320,14 kg/ha). Stimulacija semena sa PEMP ima ekonomsku
opravdanost, obzirom na rast cena soje na svetskoj berzi. Rezultati pokazuju da
PEMP tretman semena soje može znaÄajno uticati na prinos zrna soje i da se
suprotstavi neželŃenim efektima poput suÅ”e i nedostatka Äubriva
Effect of inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum on wheat yield and seed quality
An investigation has been organized to study the effect of wheat seed inoculation (the cultivars Renesansa and Zlatka) with Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 86 (2-5x CFU 10(8) ml(-1)). Experiments were conducted under field conditions, on a chernozem soil. The effectiveness of inoculation on wheat seed quality (germination energy and percentage), yield and 1000-seed weight was shown to depend on the amount of applied urea (50, 100 and 200 kg ha(-1) and nonfertilized control) and wheat cultivar. A. chroococcum treatment, depending on variety and fertilizer treatment, increased the energy of germination by 1 to 9% and seed viability by 2 to 8%. Negative effects on seed germination energy and percentage were found in the case of the cultivar Zlatka, in the variant with 100 kg urea ha(-1). The largest increase in 1000-seed weight was obtained in the case of the cultivar Renesansa, in the variant without N application (16%). A. chroococcum inoculation increased the seed yield of both cultivars in the variant without urea application and with 50 kg ha(-1) of urea. The highest yield increase (74%) was registered in the case of the cultivar Zlatka when inoculated and treated with 50 kg ha(-1) of urea. All effects, except the yield, were low in the case of the cultivar Zlatka
MikrobioloŔka aktivnost u rizosfernom zemljiŔtu pod usevom soje nakon primene herbicida
Microorganisms use herbicide molecules as sources of biogenic elements and energy for their physiological processes. This leads to an increase in microbial biomass, which indicates a stimulating effect of herbicides on part of a microbial population. However, microorganism populations without an enzymatic system of herbicide degradation are inhibited in their development, which leads to their reduced number and enzymatic activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of herbicides on the dynamics of microorganism abundance in the rhizosphere. The following herbicides were applied: Hi- quizalafop-p-tefuril (Pantera) 48 g ha1; H2 - oxasulfuron (Dynam) 60 g ha"1; H3 - imazethapyr (Pivot) 0.8 1 ha1; H4 -clomazone (Command) 0.75 1 ha1; and H5 - control (no herbicides). The herbicides applied on the average reduced the abundance of investigated parameters, mostly up to the 90lh day, with the exception of actinomycetes, whose abundance grew as early as on the 14th day, while the abundance of fungi was raised after 30 days.Mikroorganizmi koriste molekule herbicida kao izvore biogenih elemenata i energije za svoje fizioloÅ”ke potrebe. Ovo uslovljava poveÄanje mikrobijalne biomase, pa se može govoriti o stimulativnom delovanju herbicidan na deo mikrobne populacije. MeÄutim, populacije mikroorganizama koji nemaju razvijen enzimatski sistem za razgradnju herbicida bivaju inhibirani u svom razvoju, Å”to uslovljava smanjenu brojnost i enzimatsku aktivnost. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj herbicida na dinamiku brojnosti mikroorganizama u rizosferi soje nakon njihove primene. Primenjeni su sledeÄi herbicidi: Hi- kvizalofop-p-tefuril (Pantera) 48 g.a.m./ha; H2-oksasulfuron (Dynam) 60g.a.m./ha; H3-imezetapir (Pivot) 80 g.a.m./ha i H lt t- klomazon (Command) 75 g.a.m./ha i K-kontrola bez primene herbicida. BioloÅ”ka aktivnost zemljiÅ”ta odreÄivana je standardnim mikrobioloÅ”kim metodama (Pochon and Tardieux 1968; Krasiljnikov 1962) 3, 14, 30 i 90-og dana nakon primene herbicida na osnovu sledeÄih parametara: ukupnog broja bakterija, zastupljenosti azotobaktera, aminoheterotrofa, gljiva i aktinomiceta, kao i dehidrogenazne aktivnosti. Uticaj herbicida na biogenost zemljiÅ”ta zavisio je od herbicida, parametara istraživanja i vremena uzrokovanja. Primenjeni herbicidi su u proÅ”eku smanjili brojnost ispitivanih parametara uglavnom do 90-og dana, osim aktinomiceta kod kojih je zabeleženo poveÄanje njihove brojnost veÄ posle 14-og dana, a kod gljiva posle 30-dana. Kod ostalih ispitivanih grupa bakterija zabeleženo je poveÄanje njihove brojnosti tek 90-og dana od primene herbicida u vrednosti od 1-8%, Å”to je relativno malo. MeÄutim dehidrogenazna aktivnost ni 90-og dana nije dostigla nivo kontrolne varijante. Rast gljiva i aktinomiceta bio je stimulisan u veÄem intenzitetu nakon tretiranja zemljiÅ”ta herbicidima Å”to ukazuje da ova grupa mikroorganizama uÄestvuje u njihovoj razgradnji. S obzirom da su mikrobi važna karika u sistemu zemljiÅ”te-biljka ovo pokazuje potrebu da ispitivanja mikrobioloÅ”ke aktivnosti u zemljiÅ”tu posle primene herbicida
ELF electro-magnetic fields as stress factors in some yeasts and molds
The possibility of species targeted growth inhibition of three yeast (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and one mold species (Aspergillus fumigatus) by electromagnetic fields of certain characteristics was investigated. Cultures were exposed to sinusoidal 50 Hz fields, and 10, 40 and 70 mT magnetic components and 20 V/m electric component, for 30 minutes. Cell density in yeast cultures and germination time and rate in mold cultures were investigated