8 research outputs found
The Tongue as an Excitable Medium
Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign condition affecting approximately 2% of
the population, whereby the papillae covering the upper part of the tongue are
lost due to a slowly expanding inflammation. The resultant dynamical appearance
of the tongue has striking similarities with well known phenomena observed in
excitable media, such as forest fires, cardiac dynamics and chemically-driven
reaction-diffusion systems. Here we explore the dynamics associated with GT
from a dynamical systems perspective, utilizing cellular automata simulations.
We emphasize similarities with other excitable systems as well as unique
features observed in GT. Our results shed light on the evolution of the
inflammation and contribute to the classification of the severity of the
condition, based on the characteristic patterns observed in GT patients
Crystal structure of a new polymorph of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
A new polymorph of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, l-isoleucine C6H13NO2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The molecules are zwitterions. In the crystal, NâH...O hydrogen bonds link two pairs of independent molecules and their symmetry-related counterparts to form two types of layers stacked in an anti-parallel manner parallel to (001). The hydrophobic aliphatic isopropyl groups protrude from these layers