The study area, Changsha, China.

<p>The study area, Changsha, China.</p

Summary of model performance and the estimated coefficients.

<p>Abbreviations: ARIMA = Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average; S = Seasonal; X = with explanatory variables; LST = Land Surface Temperature; AP = Accumulative Precipitation; NDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; TVDI = Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index; MRPE = Mean Relative Prediction Error; AIC = Akaike’s Information Criterion; AR = Autoregressive coefficients; MA = Moving Average Coefficients; Est = Estimated values through conditional least square method.</p

Environmental variables in Changsha.

<p><b>(a) monthly average of temperature, (b) monthly accumulated rainfall and (c) monthly NVDI and TVDI for rice paddies.</b></p

Cross-correlations between pre-whitened series and the rodent density.

*<p><i>p</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>p</i><0.01.</p

Observed versus predicted rodent density in Changsha.

<p><b>(a) Temporal dynamics and (b) scatterplot.</b></p