Pipe Defect Detection and Reconstruction Based on 3D Points Acquired by the Circular Structured Light Vision

The inspection of pipe inside is very important so as to ensure the safety of pipe transmission. The pipe defect detection method based on inside 3D points acquired by circle structured light vision system was discussed in this paper. Based on the characteristics of 3D points inside a pipe acquired by circle structured light, a method by which pipe inner surface convex defect and pit defect were identified by the normal vector angle between adjacent points change on the same circle was proposed. A distance constraint between each pair of corresponding adjacent two points was proposed in order to recognize holes in the pipe inside. Based on Delaunay triangulation principle, the triangulation method for pipe inner surface circle structured light vision 3D points with hole and without hole was discussed and 3D reconstruction of the pipe was then realized. On the VC++ 6.0 software platform, pipe inner surface defect simulation data, hole simulation data and real 3D data were used to test the correctness of pipe defect identification method

Combination of hydrodechlorination and biodegradation for the abatement of chlorophenols

A method for abatement for chlorophenols (CPs) in contaminated water based on successive steps of catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) over Pd/C at ambient temperature and pressure, followed by aerobic biodegradation using yeast Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) was studied. The results showed that 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) could be easily and completely dechlorinated under mild conditions, ultimately yielding phenol as product. Subsequently, phenol (0-900 mg L-1) could be completely degraded by C. tropicalis within 30 h. Moreover, during the biodegradation of phenol, definite mass of ethanol (&lt;= 0.5%) caused a modest increase in the duration of the lag phase, but led to a great increase in the maximum degradation rates. This means that CPs with higher concentration could be efficiently detoxified under mild conditions by a combination of HDC and biodegradation in water or water-ethanol systems.A method for abatement for chlorophenols (CPs) in contaminated water based on successive steps of catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) over Pd/C at ambient temperature and pressure, followed by aerobic biodegradation using yeast Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) was studied. The results showed that 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) could be easily and completely dechlorinated under mild conditions, ultimately yielding phenol as product. Subsequently, phenol (0-900 mg L-1) could be completely degraded by C. tropicalis within 30 h. Moreover, during the biodegradation of phenol, definite mass of ethanol (<= 0.5%) caused a modest increase in the duration of the lag phase, but led to a great increase in the maximum degradation rates. This means that CPs with higher concentration could be efficiently detoxified under mild conditions by a combination of HDC and biodegradation in water or water-ethanol systems

The Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Walnut Husk and Pellicle by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC

Husk and pellicle as the agri-food waste in the walnut-product industry are in soaring demand because of their rich polyphenol content. This study investigated the differential compounds related to walnut polyphenol between husk and pellicle during fruit development stage. By using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap), a total of 110 bioactive components, including hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and quinones, were tentatively identified, 33 of which were different between husk and pellicle. The trend of dynamic content of 16 polyphenols was clarified during walnut development stage by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This is the first time to comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in walnut husk and pellicle, and our results indicated that the pellicle is a rich resource of polyphenols. The dynamic trend of some polyphenols was consistent with total phenols. The comprehensive characterization of walnut polyphenol and quantification of main phenolic compounds will be beneficial for understanding the potential application value of walnut and for exploiting its metabolism pathway

Dynamic evolution of rht-1 homologous regions in grass genomes.

Hexaploid bread wheat contains A, B, and D three subgenomes with its well-characterized ancestral genomes existed at diploid and tetraploid levels, making the wheat act as a good model species for studying evolutionary genomic dynamics. Here, we performed intra- and inter-species comparative analyses of wheat and related grass genomes to examine the dynamics of homologous regions surrounding Rht-1, a well-known "green revolution" gene. Our results showed that the divergence of the two A genomes in the Rht-1 region from the diploid and tetraploid species is greater than that from the tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. The divergence of D genome between diploid and hexaploid is lower than those of A genome, suggesting that D genome diverged latter than others. The divergence among the A, B and D subgenomes was larger than that among different ploidy levels for each subgenome which mainly resulted from genomic structural variation of insertions and, perhaps deletions, of the repetitive sequences. Meanwhile, the repetitive sequences caused genome expansion further after the divergence of the three subgenomes. However, several conserved non-coding sequences were identified to be shared among the three subgenomes of wheat, suggesting that they may have played an important role to maintain the homolog of three subgenomes. This is a pilot study on evolutionary dynamics across the wheat ploids, subgenomes and differently related grasses. Our results gained new insights into evolutionary dynamics of Rht-1 region at sequence level as well as the evolution of wheat during the plolyploidization process

Access to planar chiral ferrocenes via N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization reactions

Ferrocene-derived dicarbaldehydes bearing pro-chiral planes are desymmetrized under the catalysis of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene organic catalysts. The reaction features selective activation and reaction of one of the aldehyde moieties of the ferrocene derivative while leaving the other aldehyde unit untouched. Our reaction affords enantiomerically enriched planar chiral ferrocene products obtained that are amenable for further transformations. Preliminary application studies show encouraging results when our products are explored for catalysis in chemical synthesis and for antimicrobial utilities in pesticide development.Ministry of Education (MOE)Nanyang Technological UniversityNational Research Foundation (NRF)Submitted/Accepted versionWe acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21961006, 32172459, 22071036), The 10 Talent Plan (Shicengci) of Guizhou Province ([2016]5649), the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province ([2019]1020, QiankehejichuZK[2021]Key033), the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program, D20023) at Guizhou University, Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules, Department of Education, Guizhou Province [Qianjiaohe KY (2020)004], the Guizhou Province First-Class Disciplines Project [(Yiliu Xueke Jianshe Xiangmu)-GNYL(2017)008], Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Guizhou University (China). Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship (NRF-NRFI2016-06) and Competitive Research Program (NRF-CRP22-2019-0002); the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award (RG7/20, RG5/19), MOE AcRF Tier 2 (MOE2019-T2-2- 117), MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award (MOE2018-T3-1-003); Nanyang Research Award Grant, Chair Professorship Grant, Nanyang Technological University

Identification and Comparative Analysis of Genes and MicroRNAs Involved in the Floral Transition of the Xinjiang Early-Flowering Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.)

For tree crops, shortening the juvenile phase is a vital strategy to advance fruit bearing and enhance the breeding efficiency. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings usually take at least eight to 10 years to flower, but early-flowering (EF) types can flower one or two years after planting. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) were used for a transcriptome-wide analysis of gene and miRNA expression in hybrids of the Xinjiang EF walnut variety ‘Xinwen 81’ and later-flowering (LF) walnut. Based on a high-quality chromosome-scale reference genome, a total of 3009 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 933 were upregulated (accounting for 31%) and 2076 were downregulated (accounting for 69%). DEGs were functionally annotated, and the flowering-related genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), and LEAFY (LFY) showed remarkable upregulation in EF compared with in the LF walnut. In addition, miRNAs associated with floral transition were screened as candidates for flowering time regulation in the walnut. This work provides new insights into walnut floral transition, which may ultimately contribute to genetic improvement of the walnut

Identification and Comparative Analysis of Genes and MicroRNAs Involved in the Floral Transition of the Xinjiang Early-Flowering Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

For tree crops, shortening the juvenile phase is a vital strategy to advance fruit bearing and enhance the breeding efficiency. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings usually take at least eight to 10 years to flower, but early-flowering (EF) types can flower one or two years after planting. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) were used for a transcriptome-wide analysis of gene and miRNA expression in hybrids of the Xinjiang EF walnut variety &lsquo;Xinwen 81&rsquo; and later-flowering (LF) walnut. Based on a high-quality chromosome-scale reference genome, a total of 3009 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 933 were upregulated (accounting for 31%) and 2076 were downregulated (accounting for 69%). DEGs were functionally annotated, and the flowering-related genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), and LEAFY (LFY) showed remarkable upregulation in EF compared with in the LF walnut. In addition, miRNAs associated with floral transition were screened as candidates for flowering time regulation in the walnut. This work provides new insights into walnut floral transition, which may ultimately contribute to genetic improvement of the walnut

A Preliminary Study for Identifying Genes Associated with Pellicle Development in Xinjiang Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.)

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important nut fruit crop mainly grown for its high nutritional and medicinal value. In walnut fruit, the pellicle is the main source of polyphenols (such as proanthocyanidins), which are natural bioactive compounds but also cause astringency and bitterness for walnut fruit consumption. However, the gene regulatory networks of phenolic biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown in walnut pellicles. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pellicle development in walnut. In this study, seven developmental stages (8-, 9-, 11-, 13-, 15-, 17-, and 19-week after pollination) of ‘Xinwen179’ pellicle tissues were harvested to conduct further transcriptome-wide profiles. Via RNA-seq, we explored several key DEGs involved in the phenolic biosynthetic pathway, such as dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), which are dynamically expressed at developmental stages of the walnut pellicle. Among them, ANR may directly contribute to proanthocyanidins accumulation during walnut development. Taken together, our preliminary investigation on DEGs associated with pellicle development will not only elucidate the gene regulatory networks of the phenolic biosynthetic pathway for pellicle development, but also contribute to the broad spectrum of RNA-seq data resources for further genetic improvement of walnut