Clinical characteristics of wasp sting patients.

<p>¹ <18 years of age.</p><p>²≥18 years of age.</p

Relationship between number of wasp stings and clinical presentation/outcome.

<p>Relationship between number of wasp stings and clinical presentation/outcome.</p

Laboratory data of patients.

<p>Laboratory data of patients.</p

Novel Carvedilol Analogues That Suppress Store-Overload-Induced Ca²⁺ Release

Carvedilol is a uniquely effective drug for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with heart failure. This activity is in part because of its ability to inhibit store-overload-induced calcium release (SOICR) through the RyR2 channel. We describe the synthesis, characterization, and bioassay of ca. 100 compounds based on the carvedilol motif to identify features that correlate with and optimize SOICR inhibition. A single-cell bioassay was employed on the basis of the RyR2-R4496C mutant HEK-293 cell line in which calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum through the defective channel was measured. IC₅₀ values for SOICR inhibition were thus obtained. The compounds investigated contained modifications to the three principal subunits of carvedilol, including the carbazole and catechol moieties, as well as the linker chain containing the β-amino alcohol functionality. The SAR results indicate that significant alterations are tolerated in each of the three subunits

Comparison of clinical features of venom-specific IgE(+) and venom-specific IgE(−) patients.

*<p>None of sIgE(+) or sIgE(−) patients present with this clinical feature.</p