(3-Aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine End-capped Poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol)-based Multilayer Films for Gene Delivery

Biodegradable polyelectrolyte surfaces for gene delivery were created through electrospinning of biodegradable polycations combined with iterative solution-based multilayer coating. Poly­(β-amino ester) (PBAE) poly­(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) end-capped with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine was utilized because of its ability to electrostatically interact with anionic molecules like DNA, its biodegradability, and its low cytotoxicity. A new DNA release system was developed for sustained release of DNA over 24 h, accompanied by high exogenous gene expression in primary human glioblastoma (GB) cells. Electrospinning a different PBAE, poly­(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine), and its combination with polyelectrolyte 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end-capped poly­(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol)-based multilayers are promising for DNA release and intracellular delivery from a surface

Simultaneous vibrational resonance in the amplitude and phase quadratures of an optical field based on Kerr nonlinearity

Vibrational resonance (VR) is a nonlinear phenomenon in which the system response to a weak signal can be resonantly enhanced by applying a high-frequency modulation signal with an appropriate amplitude. The majority of VR research has focused on amplifying the amplitude or intensity of the system response to a weak signal, whereas the study of the phase information of system responses in VR remains limited. Here, we investigate the VR phenomena in both amplitude and phase quadratures of an optical field in a Kerr nonlinear cavity driven by a near-resonant weak signal and a far-detuned modulation signal. Analytical and numerical results demonstrated that the resonant enhancement in the amplitude and phase quadratures of the system response to a weak signal simultaneously occurs as the amplitude of the modulation signal is varied. There is a linear relation between the amplitude and frequency of the modulation signal for achieving an optimal VR effect. Furthermore, we generalized our study to investigate the quadrature at an arbitrary phase and determined that the VR enhancement sensitively depends on the phase. Our findings not only broaden the scope of VR research by incorporating phase information but also introduces an approach for amplifying an optical field by manipulating another optical field

Specificity testing of the IPMA.

<p>Panels A–C and G–H show the results of wells reacted with reference sera against PPRV, GPV, FMDV, BTV and <i>Brucella</i>. GFP expression is shown in panels D–F and J and K. Panel I shows the result of mock-infected BHK-SLAM cells. The results show that only wells reacted with PPRV sera were stained reddish-brown (panel A).</p

Correlation of left ventricular mass index, E/A ratio and CIMT with the rate of decline of nocturnal blood pressure.

<p>A: Correlation of left ventricular mass index with the rate of decline of nocturnal systolic blood pressure. B: Correlation of E/A ratio with the rate of decline of nocturnal systolic blood pressure. C: Correlation of CIMT with the rate of decline of nocturnal systolic blood pressure. D: Correlation of left ventricular mass index with the rate of decline of nocturnal diastolic blood pressure. E: Correlation of E/A ratio with the rate of decline of nocturnal diastolic blood pressure. F: Correlation of CIMT with the rate of decline of nocturnal diastolic blood pressure. (LVMI: left ventricular mass index LVMI; E :.early mitral inflow filling velocity, A: peak mitral filling velocity at atrial contraction; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness).</p

Correlation of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate with the rate of decline of nocturnal blood pressure.

<p>A: Correlation of proteinuria with the rate of decline of nocturnal systolic blood pressure. B: Correlation of proteinuria with the rate of decline of nocturnal diastolic blood pressure. C: Correlation of estimated glomerular filtration rate with the rate of decline of nocturnal systolic blood pressure. D: Correlation of estimated glomerular filtration rate with the rate of decline of nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate).</p

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for eGFR(1 = eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²; 2 = eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m²).

<p>(Serum calcium is corrected by the following formula:[serum calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [serum calcium] (mg/dL)+(4.0−[serum albumin(mg/dl)]) × 0.8. Variables of univariate regression include age, sex, hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphate and iPTH, all BP values from the clinic BP and ABPM, and reversed BP patterns, all variables with significant associations with eGFR were included in multivariate regression analysis. DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone, SBP: systolic blood pressure).</p

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for reversed dipper blood pressure pattern (1 (1 = not reversed dipper, 2 = reversed dipper)).

<p>(Serum calcium is corrected by the following formula:[serum calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [serum calcium] (mg/dL)+(4.0−[serum albumin(mg/dl)]) ×0.8. Variables of univariate regression include age, sex, eGFR(1 = eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²; 2 = eGFR<60 mLl/min/1.73 m²), levels of hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphate and iPTH, Clinic- SBP and DBP and 24 h-SBP and DBP. All variables with significant associations with blood pressure pattern were included in multivariate regression analysis. DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone, SBP: systolic blood pressure).</p

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for proteinuria of 24 h (1 = proteinuria <1 g/24 h; 2 = proteinuria ≥1 g/24 h).

<p>(Serum calcium is corrected by the following formula:[serum calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [serum calcium] (mg/dL)+(4.0−[serum albumin(mg/dl)]) ×0.8. Variables of univariate regression include age, sex, eGFR(1 = eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²; 2 = eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m²), hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphate and iPTH, all BP values from the clinic BP and ABPM, and reversed BP patterns, all variables with significant associations with eGFR were included in multivariate regression analysis. DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone, SBP: systolic blood pressure).</p

Differences in demographic and clinical features in Chinese CKD patients with dipper, non-dipper, and reversed dipper BP patterns.

<p>(Serum calcium is corrected by the following formula:[serum calcium] (mg/dL) = measured [serum calcium] (mg/dL)+(4.0−[serum albumin(mg/dl)]) ×0.8. ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BMI: body mass index; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; E: early mitral inflow filling velocity, A: peak mitral filling velocity at atrial contraction; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI: left ventricular mass index LVMI; SBP: systolic blood pressure.</p>*<p>indicated control with dipper group p<0.05,</p>#<p>indicated control with non-dipper group p<0.05).</p

Optimum design of amphiphilic polymers bearing hydrophobic groups for both cell surface ligand presentation and intercellular cross-linking

<div><p>Amphiphilic polymers bearing hydrophobic alkyl groups are expected to be applicable for both ligand presentation on the cell surface and intercellular crosslinking. To explore the optimum design for each application, we synthesized eight different acyl-modified dextrans with varying molecular weight, alkyl length, and alkyl modification degree. We found that the behenate-modified polymers retained on the cell surface longer than the palmitate-modified ones. Since the polymers were also modified with biotin, streptavidin can be presented on the cell surface through biotin-streptavidin recognition. The duration of streptavidin on the cell surface is longer in the behenate-modified polymer than the palmitate-modified one. As for the intercellular crosslinking, the palmitate-modified polymers were more efficient than the behenate-modified polymers. The findings in this research will be helpful to design the acyl-modified polymers for the cell surface engineering.</p></div