VS-CAM: Vertex Semantic Class Activation Mapping to Interpret Vision Graph Neural Network

Graph convolutional neural network (GCN) has drawn increasing attention and attained good performance in various computer vision tasks, however, there lacks a clear interpretation of GCN's inner mechanism. For standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs), class activation mapping (CAM) methods are commonly used to visualize the connection between CNN's decision and image region by generating a heatmap. Nonetheless, such heatmap usually exhibits semantic-chaos when these CAMs are applied to GCN directly. In this paper, we proposed a novel visualization method particularly applicable to GCN, Vertex Semantic Class Activation Mapping (VS-CAM). VS-CAM includes two independent pipelines to produce a set of semantic-probe maps and a semantic-base map, respectively. Semantic-probe maps are used to detect the semantic information from semantic-base map to aggregate a semantic-aware heatmap. Qualitative results show that VS-CAM can obtain heatmaps where the highlighted regions match the objects much more precisely than CNN-based CAM. The quantitative evaluation further demonstrates the superiority of VS-CAM.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

(2E,5E)-2,5-Bis(3,4,5-trimethoxy­benzyl­idene)cyclo­penta­none

The title compound, C25H28O7, was prepared by the base-catalysed reaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxy­benzaldehyde with cyclo­penta­none. The mol­ecule has crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry and adopts an E-configuration about the central olefinic bonds. The two benzene rings and the central cyclo­penta­none ring are almost coplanar [dihedral angle = 4.7 (2)°]

Parallel Computing for LURR of Earthquake Prediction

The LURR theory is a new approach for earthquake prediction, which achieves a good result within China mainland and some regions in America, Japan, and Australia. However, the expansion of the prediction region leads to the refinement of its longitude and latitude and the increase of the time period. This requires more and more computations and volume of data reaching the order of GB, which will be very difficult for a single CPU. In this paper, adopting the technology of domain decomposition and parallelizing using MPI, we developed a new parallel tempospatial scanning program

MTSS: Learn from Multiple Domain Teachers and Become a Multi-domain Dialogue Expert

How to build a high-quality multi-domain dialogue system is a challenging work due to its complicated and entangled dialogue state space among each domain, which seriously limits the quality of dialogue policy, and further affects the generated response. In this paper, we propose a novel method to acquire a satisfying policy and subtly circumvent the knotty dialogue state representation problem in the multi-domain setting. Inspired by real school teaching scenarios, our method is composed of multiple domain-specific teachers and a universal student. Each individual teacher only focuses on one specific domain and learns its corresponding domain knowledge and dialogue policy based on a precisely extracted single domain dialogue state representation. Then, these domain-specific teachers impart their domain knowledge and policies to a universal student model and collectively make this student model a multi-domain dialogue expert. Experiment results show that our method reaches competitive results with SOTAs in both multi-domain and single domain setting.Comment: AAAI 2020, Spotlight Pape

Visualizing the dynamic behavior of poliovirus plus-strand RNA in living host cells

Dynamic analysis of viral nucleic acids in host cells is important for understanding virus–host interaction. By labeling endogenous RNA with molecular beacon, we have realized the direct visualization of viral nucleic acids in living host cells and have studied the dynamic behavior of poliovirus plus-strand RNA. Poliovirus plus-strand RNA was observed to display different distribution patterns in living Vero cells at different post-infection time points. Real-time imaging suggested that the translocation of poliovirus plus-strand RNA is a characteristic rearrangement process requiring intact microtubule network of host cells. Confocal-FRAP measurements showed that 49.4 ± 3.2% of the poliovirus plus-strand RNA molecules diffused freely (with a D-value of 9.6 ± 1.6 × 10(−10) cm(2)/s) within their distribution region, while the remaining (50.5 ± 2.9%) were almost immobile and moved very slowly only with change of the RNA distribution region. Under the electron microscope, it was found that virus-induced membrane rearrangement is microtubule-associated in poliovirus-infected Vero cells. These results reveal an entrapment and diffusion mechanism for the movement of poliovirus plus-strand RNA in living mammalian cells, and demonstrate that the mechanism is mainly associated with microtubules and virus-induced membrane structures

A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The family Camelidae that evolved in North America during the Eocene survived with two distinct tribes, Camelini and Lamini. To investigate the evolutionary relationship between them and to further understand the evolutionary history of this family, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (<it>Camelus bactrianus ferus</it>), the only wild survivor of the Old World camel.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mitochondrial genome sequence (16,680 bp) from <it>C. bactrianus ferus </it>contains 13 protein-coding, two rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes as well as a typical control region; this basic structure is shared by all metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Its protein-coding region exhibits codon usage common to all mammals and possesses the three cryptic stop codons shared by all vertebrates. <it>C. bactrianus ferus </it>together with the rest of mammalian species do not share a triplet nucleotide insertion (GCC) that encodes a proline residue found only in the <it>nd1 </it>gene of the New World camelid <it>Lama pacos</it>. This lineage-specific insertion in the <it>L. pacos </it>mtDNA occurred after the split between the Old and New World camelids suggests that it may have functional implication since a proline insertion in a protein backbone usually alters protein conformation significantly, and <it>nd1 </it>gene has not been seen as polymorphic as the rest of ND family genes among camelids. Our phylogenetic study based on complete mitochondrial genomes excluding the control region suggested that the divergence of the two tribes may occur in the early Miocene; it is much earlier than what was deduced from the fossil record (11 million years). An evolutionary history reconstructed for the family Camelidae based on <it>cytb </it>sequences suggested that the split of bactrian camel and dromedary may have occurred in North America before the tribe Camelini migrated from North America to Asia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Molecular clock analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from <it>C. bactrianus ferus </it>and <it>L. pacos </it>suggested that the two tribes diverged from their common ancestor about 25 million years ago, much earlier than what was predicted based on fossil records.</p

Regulation of intestinal microflora and metabolites of Penthorum chinense Pursh on alcoholic liver disease

Introduction: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was the second leading cause of liver injury. Penthorum chinense Pursh (GHC) is an important Miao ethnic drug of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver disease, but the pathogenesis is not clear.Aim of the study: To analysis the intestinal microflora and metabolic pathway of GHC on ALD mice.Methods: An HPLC-QTOF-MS method was used to identified the components from GHC extract, firstly. 60 mice were divided into six groups including blank group, model group, positive group and GHC groups (0.29, 0.87 and 2.61 g/kg). ALD mice was treated with GHC for 12 days. ALT, AST, TC and TG in serum were determined, liver index and pathological analysis were achieved. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the intestinal microbial diversity. Finally, UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to analysis the metabolic pathways.Results: 38 ingredients were identified in GHC extract. Compared with the model group, liver index of the positive group and GHC (2.61 g/kg) group was significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, contents of ALT, AST, TC and TG of GHC groups reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Intestinal microbial diversity analysis indicated that Chao1, Observed species, Pielou_e, and Shannon indexes in GHC group (2.61 g/kg) were lower than those in model group. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the intestinal microbial composition between blank group and model group, the model group and GHC (2.61 g/kg) group changed significantly. Compared with the model group, proportion of Firmicutes decreased, and the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased significantly in GHC group, which were 50.84% and 40.15%. The more prominent bacteria in the GHC group were odoribacteraceae, turicibacter, deferribacteraceae, and the intestinal beneficial symbiotic bacteria mucispirillum. Metabolic analysis indicated that, compared with blank group, 90 metabolites in model group changed significantly, and 68 metabolites were significantly callback in GHC group.Discussion: GHC has a therapeutic effect on ALD by regulating intestinal flora imbalance and metabolic pathways including Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Arginine and proline metabolism, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Butanoate metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis

A prospective study of sleep status, anxiety, and depression levels of college students at a university in Shandong Province, China

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in sleep conditions, anxiety, and depression levels among college students before and after entering the university.MethodsUtilizing a random sampling method, 692 new students from a college in Shandong province were selected in September 2019, and relevant indices were statistically analyzed in September 2021 following a comprehensive follow-up. Sleep status, anxiety, and depression levels were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively.ResultsGender, passive smoking, exercise, intake of fruits, and intake of seafood were identified as significant influencing factors on college students’ sleep status, anxiety, and depression levels (p &lt; 0.05). A substantial difference was observed in the sleep quality of college students between the early enrollment stage and the follow-up stage (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between PSQI scores and the levels of anxiety and depression (p &lt; 0.05), cumulatively explaining approximately 10% of the variance in anxiety and depression levels.ConclusionThe sleep quality of college students exhibited significant improvement after enrollment compared to the early enrollment period. Engaging in appropriate exercise and consuming fruits and seafood demonstrated a positive impact on sleep conditions, anxiety, and depression levels. These findings underscore the importance of fostering healthy lifestyle habits for promoting overall well-being among college students