1,057 research outputs found
Non-secret correlations can be used to distribute secrecy
A counter-intuitive result in entanglement theory was shown in [PRL 91 037902
(2003)], namely that entanglement can be distributed by sending a separable
state through a quantum channel. In this work, following an analogy between the
entanglement and secret key distillation scenarios, we derive its classical
analog: secrecy can be distributed by sending non-secret correlations through a
private channel. This strengthens the close relation between entanglement and
secrecy.Comment: 4 page
The Absence of Vortex Lattice Melting in a Conventional Superconductor
The state of the vortex lattice extremely close to the superconducting to
normal transition in an applied magnetic field is investigated in high purity
niobium. We observe that thermal fluctuations of the order parameter broaden
the superconducting to normal transition into a crossover but no sign of a
first order vortex lattice melting transition is detected in measurements of
the heat capacity or the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) intensity.
Direct observation of the vortices via SANS always finds a well ordered vortex
lattice. The fluctuation broadening is considered in terms of the Lowest Landau
Level theory of critical fluctuations and scaling is found to occur over a
large H_{c2}(T) range
On the dimension of subspaces with bounded Schmidt rank
We consider the question of how large a subspace of a given bipartite quantum
system can be when the subspace contains only highly entangled states. This is
motivated in part by results of Hayden et al., which show that in large d x
d--dimensional systems there exist random subspaces of dimension almost d^2,
all of whose states have entropy of entanglement at least log d - O(1). It is
also related to results due to Parthasarathy on the dimension of completely
entangled subspaces, which have connections with the construction of
unextendible product bases. Here we take as entanglement measure the Schmidt
rank, and determine, for every pair of local dimensions dA and dB, and every r,
the largest dimension of a subspace consisting only of entangled states of
Schmidt rank r or larger. This exact answer is a significant improvement on the
best bounds that can be obtained using random subspace techniques. We also
determine the converse: the largest dimension of a subspace with an upper bound
on the Schmidt rank. Finally, we discuss the question of subspaces containing
only states with Schmidt equal to r.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX4 forma
Magnetic field control of cycloidal domains and electric polarization in multiferroic BiFeO
The magnetic field induced rearrangement of the cycloidal spin structure in
ferroelectric mono-domain single crystals of the room-temperature multiferroic
BiFeO is studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The cycloid
propagation vectors are observed to rotate when magnetic fields applied
perpendicular to the rhombohedral (polar) axis exceed a pinning threshold value
of 5\,T. In light of these experimental results, a phenomenological model
is proposed that captures the rearrangement of the cycloidal domains, and we
revisit the microscopic origin of the magnetoelectric effect. A new coupling
between the magnetic anisotropy and the polarization is proposed that explains
the recently discovered magnetoelectric polarization to the rhombohedral axis
Extracting dynamical equations from experimental data is NP-hard
The behavior of any physical system is governed by its underlying dynamical
equations. Much of physics is concerned with discovering these dynamical
equations and understanding their consequences. In this work, we show that,
remarkably, identifying the underlying dynamical equation from any amount of
experimental data, however precise, is a provably computationally hard problem
(it is NP-hard), both for classical and quantum mechanical systems. As a
by-product of this work, we give complexity-theoretic answers to both the
quantum and classical embedding problems, two long-standing open problems in
mathematics (the classical problem, in particular, dating back over 70 years).Comment: For mathematical details, see arXiv:0908.2128[math-ph]. v2: final
version, accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
Quasi-specular albedo of cold neutrons from powder of nanoparticles
We predicted and observed for the first time the quasi-specular albedo of
cold neutrons at small incidence angles from a powder of nanoparticles. This
albedo (reflection) is due to multiple neutron small-angle scattering. The
reflection angle as well as the half-width of angular distribution of reflected
neutrons is approximately equal to the incidence angle. The measured reflection
probability was equal to ~30% within the detector angular size that corresponds
to 40-50% total calculated probability of quasi-specular reflection
Square vortex lattice at anomalously low magnetic fields in electron-doped NdCeCuO
We report here on the first direct observations of the vortex lattice in the
bulk of electron-doped NdCeCuO single crystals. Using
small angle neutron scattering, we have observed a square vortex lattice with
the nearest-neighbors oriented at 45 from the Cu-O bond direction,
which is consistent with theories based on the d-wave superconducting gap.
However, the square symmetry persists down to unusually low magnetic fields.
Moreover, the diffracted intensity from the vortex lattice is found to decrease
rapidly with increasing magnetic field.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Improving zero-error classical communication with entanglement
Given one or more uses of a classical channel, only a certain number of
messages can be transmitted with zero probability of error. The study of this
number and its asymptotic behaviour constitutes the field of classical
zero-error information theory, the quantum generalisation of which has started
to develop recently. We show that, given a single use of certain classical
channels, entangled states of a system shared by the sender and receiver can be
used to increase the number of (classical) messages which can be sent with no
chance of error. In particular, we show how to construct such a channel based
on any proof of the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem. This is a new example of the
use of quantum effects to improve the performance of a classical task. We
investigate the connection between this phenomenon and that of
``pseudo-telepathy'' games. The use of generalised non-signalling correlations
to assist in this task is also considered. In this case, a particularly elegant
theory results and, remarkably, it is sometimes possible to transmit
information with zero-error using a channel with no unassisted zero-error
capacity.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Version 2 is the same as the journal version plus
figure 1 and the non-signalling box exampl
No quasi-long-range order in strongly disordered vortex glasses: a rigorous proof
The paper contains a rigorous proof of the absence of quasi-long-range order
in the random-field O(N) model for strong disorder in the space of an arbitrary
dimensionality. This result implies that quasi-long-range order inherent to the
Bragg glass phase of the vortex system in disordered superconductors is absent
as the disorder or external magnetic field is strong.Comment: 3 pages, Revte
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