El reconocimiento de derechos sociales a través de la conexión con derechos fundamentales: hacia una progresiva superación de la doctrina clásica

Aquest treball té per objectiu analitzar l’efecte produït per l’expansió dels drets fonamentals clàssics o de primera generació, a fi de reconèixer altres drets de contingut social, com l’habitatge, l’assistència sanitària o el medi ambient adequat. De tot plegat pot deduir-se, d’una banda, que les autoritats internes han de prendre en consideració els pronunciaments jurisprudencials que duen a terme aquella interpretació. De l’altra, aquelles autoritats han de ponderar tots els drets i interessos que resulten afectats pel reconeixement i exercici de drets en connexió, com la vida privada i familiar amb el dret a l’habitatge. Finalment, es conclou que no pot prevaler en qualsevol cas el sentit patrimonial o liberal dels drets, sinó que cal aplicar el principi de proporcionalitat per evitar la negació completa de la dignitat i l’autonomia de les persones. This aim of this work is to analyse the effect brought about by the expansion of traditional fundamental or first-generation rights in order to recognise other social-based rights such as housing, healthcare or the right to an adequate environment. On the one hand, all this might suggest that the internal authorities should take consideration of the jurisprudential rulings that follow this interpretation. On the other hand, those authorities should weigh up all the rights and interests that are affected by recognising and exercising rights in connection, such as private and family life with the right to housing. Finally, the article concludes that the patrimonial or liberal sense of the rights must not prevail under any circumstances, but rather the principle of proportionality must be applied in order to prevent a total denial of the dignity and the autonomy of the person.Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el efecto producido por la expansión de los derechos fundamentales clásicos o de primera generación, a fin de reconocer otros derechos de contenido social, como la vivienda, la asistencia sanitaria o el medio ambiente adecuado. De todo ello puede deducirse, por un lado, que las autoridades internas deben tomar en consideración los pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales que llevan a cabo esa interpretación. Por otro, aquellas autoridades deben ponderar todos los derechos e intereses que resultan afectados por el reconocimiento y ejercicio de derechos en conexión, como la vida privada y familiar con el derecho a la vivienda. Por último, se concluye que no puede prevalecer en cualquier caso el sentido patrimonial o liberal de los derechos, sino que se necesita aplicar el principio de proporcionalidad para evitar la negación completa de la dignidad y la autonomía de las personas

Very large stochastic resonance gains in finite sets of interacting identical subsystems driven by subthreshold rectangular pulses

We study the phenomenon of nonlinear stochastic resonance (SR) in a complex noisy system formed by a finite number of interacting subunits driven by rectangular pulsed time periodic forces. We find that very large SR gains are obtained for subthreshold driving forces with frequencies much larger than the values observed in simpler one-dimensional systems. These effects are explained using simple considerations.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. to appear in Phys. Rev.

Mechanical assessment of the supports for the torodial field coils of a Tokamak

Nowadays, the energy consumption by the industry and the world population is in continuously increase. Although there are currently some investigations and researches of renewable energies and its storage, it is probable that they will not be enough to cover the actual consumption and we will need a different energy source. Nowadays, this different source comes from the fossil fuels, however, it is being working in a future in which the alternative could be the nuclear energy. This is due because the continuous use fossil fuels (limited on Earth), with their related CO2 emissions are destroying our planet. On the other hand, the nuclear fusion reactions generate very danger wastes that can be disintegrated in about 50 years, a time that can seem very long, but irrelevant if we compare with the disintegration of other materials used by the humans as the plastic or the glass. A nuclear fusion reaction is the combination of nuclei of small elements to form a new bigger one under controlled conditions and get power gain from this action. This power generated is much more (about million times) than the energy obtained by combining the same elements chemically. The cause of this energy release is because the final mass of the element is less than the sum of the components. This difference is, therefore, converted to energy as described by Einstein’s equation. (Fragmento extraido de la Introducción del trabajo)Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Aeronáutic

Active damping of a DC network with a constant power load: an adaptive passivity-based control approach

This paper proposes a nonlinear, adaptive controller to increase the stability margin of a direct-current (DC) small-scale electrical network containing a constant power load, whose value is unknown. Due to their negative incremental impedance, constant power loads are known to reduce the effective damping of a network, leading to voltage oscillations and even to network collapse. To tackle this problem, we consider the incorporation of a controlled DC-DC power converter between the feeder and the constant power load. The design of the control law for the converter is based on the use of standard Passivity-Based Control and Immersion and Invariance theories. The good performance of the controller is evaluated with numerical simulations.Postprint (author's final draft

A local stability condition for dc grids with constant power loads

Currently, there are an increasing number of power electronics converters in electrical grids, performing the most diverse tasks, but most of them, work as constant power loads (CPLs). This work presents a sufficient condition for the local stability of dc linear time-invariant circuits with constant power loads for all the possible equilibria (depending on the drained power) of the systems. The condition is shown as a method with successive steps that should be met. Its main step is expressed as a linear matrix inequality test which is important for easiness of verification reasons. The method is illustrated with two examples: a single-port RLC circuit connected to a CPL and a two-port linear dc circuit connected to two CPLs.Postprint (published version

Hydrodynamic Transport Coefficients of Granular Gases

Some transport properties of granular gases are investigated. Starting from a kinetic theory level of description, the hydrodynamic transport equations to Navier-Stokes order are presented. The equations are derived by means of the Chapman-Enskog procedure. To test the existence of a normal solution and the possibility of a hydrodynamic description, the theoretical predictions are compared with numerical simulations of the underlying kinetic equation for small deviations around the reference homogeneous state. An excellent agreement is found for all the range of dissipation in collisions considered. Similar analysis is presented for self-diffusion and Brownian motion. In the former case, also Molecular Dynamics results are shown to agree with the theoretical predictions. Quantitative and also qualitative differences with the elastic limit are discussed

From current to possible selves: Self-descriptions of resilient post-compulsory secondary education Spanish students at risk of social exclusion

Being in a situation of social exclusion limits the potential of individuals and hinders their possibility to have a dignified life. In order to avoid social exclusion and marginalization, adequate access to formal education is vital. However, continuing education in marginalized neighborhoods poses a great challenge both to individuals and to their sense of self. In the present work, we took an approach to educational resilience based on the analysis of learner identity of students that present a trajectory of resilience in severely impoverished neighborhoods. The sample consisted of 132 students from such at-risk neighborhoods, who, despite this risk, completed mandatory secondary education successfully and continue their education beyond that level. They were administered a modified version of the Twenty Statements Test (TST) to measure current and possible selves related to their learner identity. The organization of the self, the emotional valence, the plane of action, the thematic reference, and thematic self-continuity were analyzed, as well as possible selves’ relationship with grade level, gender, and parental formal education. Results showed that, despite risk, their possible selves had high standards and were positive, reflexive, and connected to their current selves, which regulate and guide the students’ actions towards their goals. Academic experience and high parental formal education were related to the development of more personal and reflexive possible selves, reflecting the appropriation of school-related discourses about the self and the future. Interestingly, none of the variables was related to the emotional valence of self-descriptions. Students with a trajectory of resilience developed a highly positive sense of future self regardless of academic experience, gender, or parental formal education. Implications for resilience theory, identity research, and social intervention in at-risk contexts are discussed.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PSI2016–80112–PAgencia Estatal de Investigación PSI2016–80112–PComisión Europea PSI2016–80112–

Steady state of a fluidized granular medium between two walls at the same temperature

The steady state of a low-density gas of inelastic hard spheres confined between two parallel walls at the same temperature is studied. Because of the dissipation in collisions, the state is not uniform but highly inhomogeneous with a nonlinear temperature profile. Direct Monte Carlo simulations show that in the nearly elastic limit the pressure is uniform, but the state exhibits anisotropy of the diagonal terms of the pressure tensor, contrary to the predictions of the Navier-Stokes equations. For larger inelasticity, the pressure becomes nonuniform. These rheological effects, peculiar to granular systems, are explained by means of a model kinetic equation based on the Boltzmann equation. The equation is solved by constructing a systematic perturbative expansion in the square root of the degree of inelasticity. The theoretical predictions compare well with the simulation results for small inelasticity, but they are in conflict for larger values of the degree of inelasticity. The analysis provides strong evidence that this is due to the asymptotic but divergent character of the expansion, similarly to what happens when the usual Chapman-Enskog expansion is applied to molecular fluids.This research was partially supported by Grant No. PB96- 0534 from the Dirección General de Investigación Científica yTécnica (Spain