Caracterización molecular y determinación del carácter probiótico de las bacterias ácido lácticas aisladas del microbioma gastrointestinal del pollo en crecimiento

The gastrointestinal microbiota of the chicken is a fundamental component of poultry production in physiological, zootechnical and veterinary terms. Worldwide, studies related to the chicken microbiota are presented as a main priority of the poultry sector with research focused on probiotic and / or pathogenic microorganisms. In the frame-work of the present work, the isolation was achieved in Man Rogose and Sharpe medium of 32 strains of lactic acid bacteria from the gastrointestinal microbiota. The partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA al-lowed the molecular identification of these three lactic acid bacterial strains from the ventricle (Weissella sp.), from the cecum (Pediococcus pentosaceos and Enterococcus faecium). To determine their probiotic nature, these bacterial strains were evaluated based on acid resistance tests (pH 2.5, 3.5 and 5), bile (0, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.30%) and in vitro antagonism against Salmonella typhimurium. The results contribute to the availability of new probiotic strains for the poultry production sector and to the modernization of the technologies for characterization and molecular identification of the microorganisms of the chicken microbiota.La microbiota gastrointestinal del pollo, es un componente primordial de la producción avícola en términos fisiológicos, zootécnicos y veterinarios. A nivel mundial, estudios relacionados al microbiota del pollo se presentan como una prioridad principal del sector avícola con investigaciones enfocadas a los microorganismos probióticos y/o patógenos. En el marco del presente trabajo, se logró el aislamiento en medio Man Rogose and Sharpe de 32 cepas de bacterias ácido lácticas a partir de la microbiota gastrointestinal. La secuenciación parcial del ARNr 16S permitió la identificación molecular de estas 3 cepas bacterianas ácido lácticas provenientes del ventrículo (Weissella sp.), del ciego (Pediococcus pentosaceos y Enterococcus faecium). Para determinar su carácter probióticos, dichas cepas bacterianas fueron evaluadas basándose en pruebas de resistencia al ácido (pH 2,5; 3,5 y 5), bilis (0; 0,10; 0,15 y 0,30 %) y de antagonismo in vitro contra Salmonella typhimurium. Los resultados contribuyen a la disponibilidad de nuevas cepas probióticas para el sector productivo avícola y a la modernización de las tecnologías de caracterización e identificación molecular de los microorganismos del microbiota del pollo

Metagenomic analysis of the intestinal microbiome in goats on cactus and Salicornia-based diets

Background: The Peruvian coast is characterized by its arid and saline soils, the cactus being an alternative for arid soils and Salicornia for saline soils. Therefore, it is necessary to develop nutrition based on the intestinal microbiota in goats.Aim: To identify the intestinal microbiota in goats through a metagenomic analysis.Methods: In this study, goats and kids were randomly selected and fed cacti and Salicornia as potential forage species compared to native grass to study the changes in the microbiota using massive sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene as a marker.Results: The sequencing results showed the taxonomic levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level as the most abundant in creole goats’ microbiome, varying from 18% to 36% and 47% to 66%, respectively. At the genus level, variants of the genus Ruminococcaceae stand out, related to cellulose degradation, as the most dominant in all samples, followed by Christensenellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Prevotellaceae. Also, the genus Akkermansia appearedin greater abundance in kids fed with cactus, being necessary for being related to the intestinal mucosa’s health and avoiding the adhesion of pathogens to the intestinal epithelium.Conclusion: These microbiota changes based on diets with high fiber content are necessary to understand the adaptation of this species to favorable dietary changes