610 research outputs found
Parameter estimation in pair hidden Markov models
This paper deals with parameter estimation in pair hidden Markov models
(pair-HMMs). We first provide a rigorous formalism for these models and discuss
possible definitions of likelihoods. The model being biologically motivated,
some restrictions with respect to the full parameter space naturally occur.
Existence of two different Information divergence rates is established and
divergence property (namely positivity at values different from the true one)
is shown under additional assumptions. This yields consistency for the
parameter in parametrization schemes for which the divergence property holds.
Simulations illustrate different cases which are not covered by our results.Comment: corrected typo
Security of Quantum Key Distribution with entangled quNits
We consider a generalisation of Ekert's entanglement-based quantum
cryptographic protocol where qubits are replaced by quits (i.e.,
N-dimensional systems). In order to study its robustness against optimal
incoherent attacks, we derive the information gained by a potential
eavesdropper during a cloning-based individual attack. In doing so, we
generalize Cerf's formalism for cloning machines and establish the form of the
most general cloning machine that respects all the symmetries of the problem.
We obtain an upper bound on the error rate that guarantees the confidentiality
of quNit generalisations of the Ekert's protocol for qubits.Comment: 15 pages, equation 15 and conclusions corrected the 14th of April
2003, new results adde
Two-parameter deformations of logarithm, exponential, and entropy: A consistent framework for generalized statistical mechanics
A consistent generalization of statistical mechanics is obtained by applying
the maximum entropy principle to a trace-form entropy and by requiring that
physically motivated mathematical properties are preserved. The emerging
differential-functional equation yields a two-parameter class of generalized
logarithms, from which entropies and power-law distributions follow: these
distributions could be relevant in many anomalous systems. Within the specified
range of parameters, these entropies possess positivity, continuity, symmetry,
expansibility, decisivity, maximality, concavity, and are Lesche stable. The
Boltzmann-Shannon entropy and some one parameter generalized entropies already
known belong to this class. These entropies and their distribution functions
are compared, and the corresponding deformed algebras are discussed.Comment: Version to appear in PRE: about 20% shorter, references updated, 13
PRE pages, 3 figure
Complexity Measures from Interaction Structures
We evaluate new complexity measures on the symbolic dynamics of coupled tent
maps and cellular automata. These measures quantify complexity in terms of
-th order statistical dependencies that cannot be reduced to interactions
between units. We demonstrate that these measures are able to identify
complex dynamical regimes.Comment: 11 pages, figures improved, minor changes to the tex
Controlling orbital moment and spin orientation in CoO layers by strain
We have observed that CoO films grown on different substrates show dramatic
differences in their magnetic properties. Using polarization dependent x-ray
absorption spectroscopy at the Co L edges, we revealed that the
magnitude and orientation of the magnetic moments strongly depend on the strain
in the films induced by the substrate. We presented a quantitative model to
explain how strain together with the spin-orbit interaction determine the 3d
orbital occupation, the magnetic anisotropy, as well as the spin and orbital
contributions to the magnetic moments. Control over the sign and direction of
the strain may therefore open new opportunities for applications in the field
of exchange bias in multilayered magnetic films
Tier 2 High-Throughput Exposure Screening of Chemicals in Consumer Products: Chemicals encapsulated in articles and in cosmetics
Land and cryosphere products from Suomi NPP VIIRS: overview and status
[1] The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument was launched in October 2011 as part of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP). The VIIRS instrument was designed to improve upon the capabilities of the operational Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and provide observation continuity with NASA's Earth Observing System's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Since the VIIRS first-light images were received in November 2011, NASA- and NOAA-funded scientists have been working to evaluate the instrument performance and generate land and cryosphere products to meet the needs of the NOAA operational users and the NASA science community. NOAA's focus has been on refining a suite of operational products known as Environmental Data Records (EDRs), which were developed according to project specifications under the National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System. The NASA S-NPP Science Team has focused on evaluating the EDRs for science use, developing and testing additional products to meet science data needs, and providing MODIS data product continuity. This paper presents to-date findings of the NASA Science Team's evaluation of the VIIRS land and cryosphere EDRs, specifically Surface Reflectance, Land Surface Temperature, Surface Albedo, Vegetation Indices, Surface Type, Active Fires, Snow Cover, Ice Surface Temperature, and Sea Ice Characterization. The study concludes that, for MODIS data product continuity and earth system science, an enhanced suite of land and cryosphere products and associated data system capabilities are needed beyond the EDRs currently available from the VIIRS
Issues in Vendor/Library Relations-The Sales Call
We re-take a coding theoretic notion which goes back to Cl. Shannon: codeword distinguishability. This notion is standard in zero-error information theory, but its bearing is definitely wider and it may help to better understand new forms of coding, e.g. DNA word design.
In our approach, the underlying decoding principle is very simple and very general: one decodes by trying to minimise the diversity (in the simplest case the Hamming distance) between a codeword and the output sequence observed at the end of the noisy transmission channel. Symmetrically and equivalently, one may use maximum-similarity decoders and and codeword confusabilities. The operational meaning of codewoord distinguishability is made clear by a reliability criterion, which generalises the well-known criterion on minimum Hamming distance for error-correcting codes. We investigate the formal properties of distinguishabilities versus diversities; these two notions are deeply related, and yet essentially different. An encoding theorem is put forward; as a case study we examine a channel of cryptographic interest
Magnetic versus crystal field linear dichroism in NiO thin films
We have detected strong dichroism in the Ni x-ray absorption
spectra of monolayer NiO films. The dichroic signal appears to be very similar
to the magnetic linear dichroism observed for thicker antiferromagnetic NiO
films. A detailed experimental and theoretical analysis reveals, however, that
the dichroism is caused by crystal field effects in the monolayer films, which
is a non trivial effect because the high spin Ni ground state is not
split by low symmetry crystal fields. We present a practical experimental
method for identifying the independent magnetic and crystal field contributions
to the linear dichroic signal in spectra of NiO films with arbitrary
thicknesses and lattice strains. Our findings are also directly relevant for
high spin and systems such as LaFeO, FeO,
VO, LaCrO, CrO, and Mn manganate thin films
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