A hemodinamikai erők által aktivált normális éa kóros vaszkuláris mechanizmusok = Haemodynamic forces-activated normal and pathological vascular mechanisms

A hemodinamikai erők által aktivált normális és kóros vaszkuláris mechanizmusok tisztázását tűztük ki célul. Főbb eredmények: 1) A nitrogén-monoxid (NO) befolyásolja a miogén válasz és az érfal mechanikus viselkedése közti kapcsolatot patkány koronária arteriolákban. Továbbá, az NO jelenléte szükséges disztenzibilitás fenntartásához. 2) 2-es típusú diabeteses egerekben az arteriolák tónusa és vérnyomása emelkedett, melyben a COX-2 eredetű konstriktor prosztaglandin fokozott felszabadulása szerepet játszhat. 3) A PECAM-1 mediálja az arteriolák magas fali nyíróerőgrádiens-indukálta NO-függő dilatációját. 4) Izolált ereket oxidatív stressznek kitéve, az Ang II-re adott konstrikciós válaszok fokozódtak. 5) Az asszimetrikus dimetilarginin (ADMA) izolált vázizom arteriolákban nem csak az NO szintézisét csökkenti, hanem szuperoxid termelést is indukál, amelyek módosítják a rezisztencia erek vazomotor működését. Továbbá, a vaszkuláris RAS-t aktiválva fokozza az NAD(P)H oxidáz aktivását, ami oxidatív molekulák felszabadulásához vezet. 6) A magas szorbitol koncentráció jelenlétében az arteriolák vazomotor működése károsodik, részben a NO-mediáció csökkenése, részben a PGH2/TXA2 fokozott termelése révén. 7) A H2O2 fokozza a konstriktor prosztaglandinok termelődését a simaizomban, mely fokozza az arteriolák tónusát 2 típusú diabeteses egerekben. 8) A magas intraluminális nyomás csökkenti az angiotenzinre bekövetkező tachyfilaxia mértékét, azaz a konstrikciók erejének csökkenését. | We aimed to elucidate the physiological and pathological vascular mechanisms that are activated by hemodynamic forces. Main results: 1) Nitric oxide (NO) affects the relation between myogenic response and vessel wall mechanics in coronaries of rats. Also, presence of NO is needed to maintain vascular distensibility. 2) Mice with type 2 DM have increased arteriolar tone and blood pressure, in which an enhanced release of COX-2-derived constrictor prostaglandins can play role. 3) PECAM-mediates the sheer stress gradient-induced NO-mediated dilations of arterioles. 4) After exposing isolated arterial vessels to oxidative stress their constrictions to sequential administration of Ang II increase. 5) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) not only reduces NO synthesis in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles, but induces superoxide production, altering the vasomotor function of resistance vessels. ADMA, by activating vascular renin-angiotensin system activates NAD(P)H-oxidase leading to release of oxidative molecules. 6) High sorbitol concentration impairs arteriolar vasomotor function, partly by reducing NO mediation, and partly by increased production of PGH2/TXA2. 7) H2O2 enhances production of constrictor prostaglandins in the smooth muscle, thereby increases arteriolar tone in mice with type 2 DM. 8) High intraluminal pressure diminishes the tachyphylaxis following angiotensin administration that is the rate of reduction in vasoconstriction response

DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DE NANNOTRIGONA TESTACEICORNIS LEPELETIER, 1836 (HYMENOPTERA, MELIPONINI) DA CHAPADA DIAMANTINA, BAHIA

A tribo Meliponini compreende as abelhas conhecidas como “abelhas indígenas sem ferrão”, são encontradas em áreas tropicais e subtropicais do mundo, mas sua maior diversidade é observada nas regiões neotropicais (com mais de 300 espécies descritas) (Cotorpassi-Laurino et al., 2006). No Brasil, são descritas aproximadamente 192 espécies pertencentes a 27 gêneros (Silveira et al., 2002).Nannotrigona testaceicornis é conhecida popularmente como Iraí. Trata-se de umas abelha que mede cerca de 4mm de comprimento, é preta, possui pilosidade grisalha e asas esfumaçadas no terço apical (Monteiro, 2001). No Brasil essa espécie é encontrada nos estados da Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e São Paulo (Moure; Urban; Melo, 2007).Estudos com marcadores moleculares são capazes de fornecer informações sobre o nível de fluxo gênico entre as populações, detectar o efeito do fundador e gargalos populacionais e, estimar a expansão de território em relação à localização de supostos refúgios e zonas de expansão. O sistema de identificação por DNA Barcoding pretende identificar as espécies através da utilização de um pequeno segmento padronizado do DNA mitocondrial, concatenado com alguns genes nucleares. Esta abordagem representa uma estratégia extremamente promissora para o diagnóstico da biodiversidade (Herbert 2003).Vários estudos com N. testaceicornis têm sido publicados com marcadores genéticos microssatélites (Oliveira et al, 2009); padrões de comportamento de postura, oviposição e aprovisionamento; análise do número de cromossomos; efetividade de polinização em acerola (Martins et al., 1999), morango (Maeta et al., 1992; Roselino et al., 2004) e pepino (Ribeiro, 2004).N. testaceicornis é uma espécie que possui características que a tornam um modelo interessante para um estudo filogeográfico, pois se trata de uma espécie com ampla distribuição geográfica que abrange uma diversidade de habitats, além de sua alta plasticidade adaptativa que a torna capaz de colonizar ambientes diversos. Uma abordagem filogeográfica com base em marcadores mitocondriais e nucleares possibilita estimar de forma indireta a origem e divergência de linhagens ou espécies. Dentro deste contexto teórico, este projeto propõe investigar a história evolutiva das populações de N. testaceicornis presente na Chapada Diamantina e compará-la com populações de diferentes localidades

Evaluation of Radon-Resistant Construction Techniques and Radon Measurement Methods

This research project included two main objectives. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of radon-resistant home construction techniques in Zone 1 counties of North Carolina. Zone 1 counties have an average predicted indoor radon screening potential greater than 4 pCi/L[-1](US EPA 1993). The secondary objective was to evaluate the commercial charcoal radon test kits used for the home radon measurements. The commercial kits were compared with charcoal diffusion barrier canisters made at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a Pylon Model AB-5 Radon Monitor. The commercial kits and two types of UNC diffusion barrier charcoal canisters were evaluated under "field conditions" in a laboratory at UNC. The materials used for the diffusion barriers included glass fiber and stainless steel. Experiments were performed in which several of each type of UNC diffusion barrier canister and commercial charcoal kits were exposed to varying radon concentrations for periods of 4 or 7 days, analyzed, and the results compared to those determined by a Pylon continuous direct reading radon monitor. The diffusion barrier canisters and commercial kits all seemed to give average concentrations that were closer to the average Pylon results for the last 1-3 days of the exposure period than the average for the entire exposure period. It was concluded that all charcoal detectors evaluated were more sensitive to concentrations near the end of deployment. The results of this study also indicated better precision of measurement for the commercial kits than for the UNC diffusion barrier canisters. To identify homes equipped with radon-resistant construction, advertisements offering free radon testing were placed in select newspapers in Western North Carolina. Once homeowners were identified, commercial radon test kits were mailed to each participant and they were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the construction of their home. Analyses of the test kits were performed by the manufacturer which participates in the EPA's Radon Measurement Proficiency Program. Radon concentrations measured in the homes were compared with the EPA guideline of 4 pCi/L as well as results from a radon survey conducted in 1990 by the EPA and North Carolina Division of Radiation Protection (NCDRP). All Buncombe county homes tested in the UNC study, which featured a vented sub-slab system, had basement radon concentrations less than the EPA guideline of 4 pCi/L. The average basement radon concentration for these homes was 1.9 pCi/L, which is less than the average determined by the EPA/NCDRP study for Buncombe county (2.18 pCi/L). The average basement concentration for Buncombe county homes with radon-resistant construction, other than vented sub-slabs, is 6.9 pCi/L, which is higher than the EPA/NCDRP study average. These data, while limited, suggest that vented sub-slab systems are an effective radon-resistant construction technique. Only sixty-six percent of Watauga county homes tested, which featured a vented sub-slab system, had basement concentrations less than the EPA guideline of 4 pCi/L while 57% of homes tested featuring any radon-resistant construction technique were below 4 pCi/L. The limited data from Watauga county also suggest an increased effectiveness of vented sub-slab systems as a radon-resistant construction technique.Master of Science in Public Healt

The KINDRA project. Sharing and evaluating groundwater research and knowledge in Europe

Groundwater knowledge and research in the European Union is often scattered and non-standardised, because of different subjects involved and different approaches from Member States. The Horizon2020 project KINDRA has conducted an EU-wide assessment of existing groundwater-related practical and scientific knowledge based on a new Hydrogeological Research Classification System, identifying more than 280 keywords related to three main categories (namely Operational Actions, Research topics and Societal Challenges) to be intersected in a 3D-diagram approach. The classification is supported by a web-service, the European Inventory of Groundwater Research, which acts not only as knowledge repository but also as a tool to help identify relevant researchm topics, existing research trends and critical research challenges. The records have been uploaded during the project by 20 national experts from National Associations of Geologists, under the umbrella of the European Federation of Geologists. The total number of metadata included in the inventory at the end of the project are about 2300, and the analysis of the results is considered useful for producing synergies, implementing policies and optimising water management in Europe. By the use of additional indicators, the database content has been analysed by occurrence of keywords, type of document, level of innovation. Using the three-axes classification, more easily understandable by 2D diagrams as bubble plots, occurrence and relationship of different topics (main categories) in groundwater research have been highlighted. This article summarizes the activities realized in relation to the common classification system and to the metadata included in the EIGR, showing the distribution of thecollected information in different categories and attributes identified by the classification

The KINDRA project – towards Open Science in Hydrogeology for higher impact

Groundwater knowledge and research in the European Union is often scattered and non-standardised. Therefore, KINDRA is conducting an EU-wide assessment of existing groundwater-related practical and scientific knowledge based on a new Hydrogeological Research Classification System (HRC-SYS). The classification is supported by a web service, the European Inventory of Groundwater Research (EIGR), which acts not only as a knowledge repository but also as a tool to help identify relevant research topics, existing research trends and critical research challenges. These results will be useful for producing synergies, implementing policies and optimising water management in Europe. This article presents the work of the project during the first two years in relation to a common classification system and an activity for data collection and training delivered by the EFG’s National Associations in 20 European countries

AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DE BONINAL - BA E AÇÕES MOBILIZADORAS EM AMBIENTES VIRTUAIS PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID 19

Este estudo teve como objetivo construir junto às Associações de Agricultores Familiares de Boninal caminhos de enfrentamento aos desafios trazidos pela pandemia da covid 19. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Boninal - BA, participaram da pesquisa dezoito associações de produtores rurais. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na abordagem qualitativa, para procurar identificar e compreender os processos dinâmicos vividos por grupos sociais de agricultores na Pandemia. O uso do ambiente virtual, demonstrou ser um instrumento de descobertas, debates, socializações e proposições de soluções, que ajudou os agricultores familiares a buscarem se adaptar à comunicação digital, para divulgação dos seus produtos

Making groundwater visible: a contribution for classifying hydrogeological research and knowledge by KINDRA H2020 project

Water Directives, Science, Policy, groundwater, societal challenge