15 research outputs found
A Bacillus cereus cytolytic determinant, cereolysin AB, which comprises the phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase genes: nucleotide sequence and genetic linkage.
A cloned cytolytic determinant from the genome of Bacillus cereus GP-4 has been characterized at the molecular level. Nucleotide sequence determination revealed the presence of two open reading frames. Both open reading frames were found by deletion and complementation analysis to be necessary for expression of the hemolytic phenotype by Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli hosts. The 5' open reading frame was found to be nearly identical to a recently reported phospholipase C gene derived from a mutant B. cereus strain which overexpresses the respective protein, and it conferred a lecithinase-positive phenotype to the B. subtilis host. The 3' open reading frame encoded a sphingomyelinase. The two tandemly encoded activities, phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase, constitute a biologically functional cytolytic determinant of B. cereus termed cereolysin AB
Phage production and maintenance of stocks, including expected stock lifetimes
In microbiology, preservation of an archival stock or a “master stock” of a given microorganism is essential
for many reasons including scientific research, conservation of the genetic resources and providing the
foundation for several biotechnological processes. The objective is to preserve the initial characteristics of
the microorganism and to avoid the genetic drift that occurs when the organism is maintained indefinitely
in an actively growing state. The same holds true in phage biology and it is of particular interest when
a collection of phages is to be maintained. The aim of this chapter is to provide phage biologists with
general procedures to prepare and maintain bacteriophage stocks on a long-term basis. The protocols
described below should be considered as general guidelines because although many phages and bacterial
strains can be propagated and stored in these conditions, specific media and/or growth and storage
conditions must be evaluated for each phage and bacterium. Since it was not the scope of this chapter to
provide an exhaustive list of these particular conditions, we instead highlighted the main factors affecting
phage amplification and storage. We hope this will help phage biologists to develop their own strategies
for their preferred phages