Past experiences as a catalyst to the gay identity development of Filipino gay men aged 18-22

Past experiences as a catalyst to gay development. Gay identity has been explored on the different fields of social sciences. This was supported by Cass (1979) who stated that being gay can be partially explained through their childhood developmental processes and through their environment. However, past researchers were unable to tackle personal narratives from gay men and their past experiences, which can help further explain how it contributes to forming sexuality. Through thematic analysis, the current study explored the personal narratives of Filipino gay men agreed 18-22. Experiences with family, nonfamilial experiences, and experiences with doing opposite sex activites transpired to be significant past experiences that contributed to the development of the said participants\u27 gay identity. Peers depict a great impact on gay identity development but there are other experiences to be considered with or without its influence. This appears to be new information considering that literature indicates that peers is a sole contributor to the development of gay identity

\u3ci\u3eDrosophila\u3c/i\u3e Muller F Elements Maintain a Distinct Set of Genomic Properties Over 40 Million Years of Evolution

The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D. erecta, D. mojavensis, and D. grimshawi F elements and euchromatic domains from the Muller D element. We find that F elements have greater transposon density (25–50%) than euchromatic reference regions (3–11%). Among the F elements, D. grimshawi has the lowest transposon density (particularly DINE-1: 2% vs. 11–27%). F element genes have larger coding spans, more coding exons, larger introns, and lower codon bias. Comparison of the Effective Number of Codons with the Codon Adaptation Index shows that, in contrast to the other species, codon bias in D. grimshawi F element genes can be attributed primarily to selection instead of mutational biases, suggesting that density and types of transposons affect the degree of local heterochromatin formation. F element genes have lower estimated DNA melting temperatures than D element genes, potentially facilitating transcription through heterochromatin. Most F element genes (~90%) have remained on that element, but the F element has smaller syntenic blocks than genome averages (3.4–3.6 vs. 8.4–8.8 genes per block), indicating greater rates of inversion despite lower rates of recombination. Overall, the F element has maintained characteristics that are distinct from other autosomes in the Drosophila lineage, illuminating the constraints imposed by a heterochromatic milieu