Probing the molecular connectivity of water confined in polymer hydrogels

The molecular connectivity and the extent of hydrogen-bond patterns of water molecules confined in the polymer hydrogels, namely cyclodextrin nanosponge hydrogels, are here investigated by using vibrational spectroscopy experiments. The proposed spectroscopic method exploits the combined analysis of the vibrational spectra of polymers hydrated with water and deuterated water that allows us to separate and selectively investigate the temperature-evolution of the HOH bending mode of engaged water molecules and of the vibrational modes assigned to specific chemical groups of the polymer matrix involved in the physical interactions with water. As main results, we find a strong experimental evidence of a liquid-like behaviour of water molecules confined in the nano-cavities of hydrogel and we observe a characteristic destructuring effect on the hydrogen-bonds network of confined water induced by thermal motion. More interestingly, the extent of this temperature-disruptive effect is found to be selectively triggered by the cross-linking degree of the hydrogel matrix. These results give a more clear picture of the molecular mechanism of water confinement in the pores of nanosponge hydrogel and open the possibility to exploit the spectroscopic method here proposed as investigating tools for water-retaining soft materials

Digital reconstruction and scientific analysis prior the restoration of two paintings by Mattia Preti in the Church of the Immaculate Conception of Sarria (Floriana, Malta)

The paper presents the results of scientific investigations carried out in support of a professionally executed restoration on two paintings by Mattia Preti, located in the Church of the Immaculate Conception of Sarria in Floriana, Malta. In particular, the attention was mainly paid on a combined approach, using 2D/3D survey in order to formulate hypothetic reconstruction, and XRF spectroscopy in order to get more information on how the master prepared the various types of materials, with particular regard to the painting preparation, the pigments palette and the formulation of shades and highlights.peer-reviewe

Valorizing underground cultural heritage through the use of virtual reality

This paper presents the results of scientific investigations carried out at the Batia Church which is located in the small village of Tortorici (Messina, Sicily, Italy). We performed several geophysical surveys, as well as geomatics approaches, were used in order to reconstruct 2D and 3D digital models of the monument mainly using digital photogrammetry. Previous geophysical investigations have shown the presence of a crypt which was ultimately surveyed and digitally reconstructed. Here, we present the potential of valorizing the site and its underground structures by the means of advanced technologies and digital reconstructions.peer-reviewe