Austenite arrest in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Co-In films

International audienceElectrical resistivity and magnetization measurements realized on polycrystalline Ni45.2Co4.7Mn36.2In13.9 film showed that the austenite phase was blocked upon a magnetic field during the martensitic transformation. Besides, the shift of the temperature transition upon a magnetic field towards the lower temperature is responsible for a large magnetoresistance that can be irreproducible in the heating branch of the transformation and that was measured in this work. We studied how the magnetoresistance was changing inside the hysteresis loop depending on whether the temperature lies on the forward or reverse transformation path. The analysis is interpreted in terms of the non equilibrium state consequent to the field cooled process and how martensite is converted into austenite inside the hysteresis loop when the magnetic field is applied

Rethinking global governance: A China model in the making?

This paper examines Chinese perspectives on global governance, an area in which China has increased substantially the depth and breadth of its participation. The paper attempts to draw a mainstream perspective to inform our understanding of some key aspects of China's foreign policy. It demonstrates that while China's statist preference appeals to some Third World countries, such a preference leads the country to clash with the West over how to tackle global issues collectively, particularly over humanitarian intervention. While the Chinese perspective is in the process of evolving and far from reaching maturity, it is questionable whether the global community led by the West would find the Westphalian practice that China embraces admirabl