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Musical timing in the Adagio from Brahms' Violin concerto, op. 77 :an empirical study of rubato in recorded performances dating from 1927-1973

PhD Thesis (Multimedia items accompanying this thesis to be consulted at Robinson Library )The inter-war period of the twentieth century represents something of a ‘golden age’ in solo violin playing. In addition to an unprecedented degree of technical prowess, a huge amount of variety existed between different performers, with the majority of well-known artists exhibiting their own unique sound and manner of delivery. One area of expression in which a divergence of approach is most evident is that of musical timing, whereby performers utilise what is generally termed ‘rubato’ in order to convey either the structure or emotional character of the music. This thesis utilises specialised computational methods of empirical analysis in order to investigate how rubato is used in thirty recordings of the Adagio from Brahms’ Violin Concerto, Op. 77, made by eminent performers who were active during this period. By comparing these recordings in detail, the principle aim is to ascertain just how much performers differ in their approaches to musical timing and, conversely, where there is some degree of common practice. Literary sources pertaining to rubato from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries are also scrutinised, in order to determine to what extent these written descriptions of rubato relate to use of the device in real-life performances. Key stylistic traits are identified and categorised, in order to inform performers who are looking to incorporate something of this twentieth-century style of rubato into their own playing. To date, the vast majority of empirical studies of performance have been conducted in the field of music psychology, with musicological approaches tending to favour closelistening methods in order to identify key stylistic traits. This study has attempted to use both empirical analysis and close-listening in tandem, which allows for the identification of common timing patterns across all thirty recordings, as well as the detailed examination of idiosyncrasies within their respective musical contexts. Sonic Visualiser software has been used to create a number of innovative video examples that incorporate tempo graphs with the original recorded sound, in order to see and hear what is happening in the music simultaneously

Clarification of Louisiana cane juices

Cover title.Mode of access: Internet

Oral History Interview: William Allen Cross

In his interview, William Allen Cross discusses Prohibition and bootlegging in Huntington, West Virginia. Mr. Cross was a theater manager for the Keith Albee Theater (referred to as the State Theater) in Huntington, WV. Although he did not make moonshine, he was a buyer during Prohibition. He discusses how bootleggers sold their whiskey and provides locations for stills. Mr. Cross also focuses on how to make moonshine, whiskey, and wine. He reminiscences about “the Strip” between 10th and 11th Streets in Huntington, WV, that served from 1925-1945 as a red-light, gambling, and bootlegging district. In the audio clip provided, Mr. Cross discusses using a “party system” to purchase moonshine. He also focuses on the social ramifications of buying and consuming moonshine.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1017/thumbnail.jp

Investigations on methods of analysis of cane products

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet

Effects of Oil and Chemically Treated Oil on Primary Productivity of High Arctic Ice Algae Studied in Situ

Control data on the ice algal bloom at Cape Hatt, northern Baffin Island, during 18 May-2 June 1982 were typical of those at other arctic locations. Ice algae were dominated by pennate diatoms (80% of total cells), particularly Nitzschia grunowii (55%) and N. frigida (15%). In various locations and sampling periods, cell densities ranged from 1.7-384.7 x 100,000,000 cells/sq m, and chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 3.4-16.7 mg/sq m, both increased over the study period. Mean productivity rates based on particulate radiocarbon fixed were from near zero to 2.95 mg C/sq m/h. Dissolved organic radiocarbon concentrations were almost always higher than particulate radiocarbon concentrations, probably because of cell rupture. Total (dissolved + particulate) productivity rates were up to 12.7 mg C/sq m/h, with an overall mean of 4.4 mg C/sq m/h in control samples. Productivity and productivity per unit chlorophyll increased during May and decreased slightly by 1-2 June. Undisturbed, enclosed areas of the under-ice surface were treated with oil on 23-24 May. Dispersed oil (Venezuela Lagomedio crude + Corexit 9527, BP CTD, or BP 1100 WD) was in contact with the ice for 5 h, whereas untreated oil and solidified oil (BP treatment) remained in the enclosures for the duration of the study (12 days post-treatment). Sampling was carried out in areas where oil contacted the ice and moved away or in areas near oil that remained in contact with the under-ice surface. Five hours after treatment, oil concentrations in the water within the enclosures were similar (0.15-0.28 ppm) in untreated oil, solidified oil and control enclosures. ... No adverse effects of any oil treatment on ice algae were detected in analyses of group composition, cell densities, chlorophyll a concentrations, productivity, productivity /chlorophyll or ratios calculated to standardize for light effects. Untreated and solidified oil may have stimulated ice algal growth and productivity near ... the oiled areas.Key words: Arctic, ice algae, productivity, oil effects, dispersed oil effects, solidified oil effects, Baffïn IslandMots clés: arctique, algues glaciaires, productivité, effets dus au pétrole, effets dus au pétrole dispersé, effets dus au pbtrole solidifié, île Baffi