40 ans de recherches sur l'anticipation en tennis : une revue critique

Présentation d'une revue de la littérature sur l'anticipation en tennis et mise en évidence de son évolution théorique et méthodologique de 1965 à 2006. Des premières études, inspirées de la théorie du traitement de l'information aux apports de la théorie écologique (Gibson, 1979), et de la théorie cognitive de l'action (Hommel et al., 2001), l'idée d'un traitement progressif de l'information apparaît trop limitante, l'anticipation étant étudiée dans le cadre d'une interaction entre la perception et l'action. Expertise perceptivo-motrice et perceptivo-cognitive dans l'anticipatio

Conditions d'expression et rôle des connaissances tactiques dans l'anticipation de trajectoires de balles au tennis

PARIS5-BU Saints-Pères (751062109) / SudocSudocFranceF

Error-based and reinforcement learning in basketball free throw shooting

Abstract This study investigates the effects of error-based and reinforcement training on the acquisition and long-term retention of free throw accuracy in basketball. Sixty participants were divided into four groups (n = 15 per group): (i) the error-based group (sensory feedback), (ii) the reinforcement group (binary feedback including success or failure), (iii) the mixed group (sensory feedback followed by binary feedback), and (iv) the control group (without training). Free throws success was recorded before training (PreT), immediately after (Postd0), one day later (Postd1), and seven days later (Postd7). The error-based group, but not the reinforcement group, showed a significant immediate improvement in free throw accuracy (PreT vs Postd0). Interestingly, over time (Postd0 vs Postd1 vs Postd7), the reinforcement group significantly improved its accuracy, while the error-based group decreased it, returning to the PreT level (PreT vs Post7). The mixed group showed the advantage of both training methods, i.e., fast acquisition and retention on a long-term scale. Error-based learning leads to better acquisition, while reinforcement learning leads to better retention. Therefore, the combination of both types of learning is more efficient for both acquisition and retention processes. These findings provide new insight into the acquisition and retention of a fundamental basketball skill in free throw shooting

Mental representation of arm motion dynamics in children and adolescents.

Motor imagery, i.e., a mental state during which an individual internally represents an action without any overt motor output, is a potential tool to investigate action representation during development. Here, we took advantage of the inertial anisotropy phenomenon to investigate whether children can generate accurate motor predictions for movements with varying dynamics. Children (9 and 11 years), adolescents (14 years) and young adults (21 years) carried-out actual and mental arm movements in two different directions in the horizontal plane: rightwards (low inertia) and leftwards (high inertia). We recorded and compared actual and mental movement times. We found that actual movement times were greater for leftward than rightward arm movements in all groups. For mental movements, differences between leftward versus rightward movements were observed in the adults and adolescents, but not among the children. Furthermore, significant differences between actual and mental times were found at 9 and 11 years of age in the leftward direction. The ratio R/L (rightward direction/leftward direction), which indicates temporal differences between low inertia and high inertia movements, was inferior to 1 at all ages, except for the mental movements at 9 years of age, indicating than actual and mental movements were shorter for the rightward than leftward direction. Interestingly, while the ratio R/L of actual movements was constant across ages, it gradually decreased with age for mental movements. The ratio A/M (actual movement/mental movement), which indicates temporal differences between actual and mental movements, was near to 1 in the adults' groups, denoting accurate mental timing. In children and adolescents, an underestimation of mental movement times appeared for the leftward movements only. However, this overestimation gradually decreased with age. Our results showed a refinement in the motor imagery ability during development. Action representation reached maturation at adolescence, during which mental actions were tightly related to their actual production

La fatigue musculaire altère la simulation mentale du mouvement

La simulation du mouvement est un acte purement central. Cependant, la participation du système périphérique reste éclaircir. Les durées des mouvements exécutés et imaginés du bras de huit sujets ont été enregistrées avant et après un exercice fatiguant de maintien de position. La durée des mouvements du bras droit exécutés après l’exercice fatigant, diminuait significativement (14,4 %; P < 0,001) alors qu’elle augmentait significativement pour les mouvements imaginés (12,6 %; P < 0,001). Cette différence serait expliquée par l’absence de réafférences relatives au mouvement lors de la simulation motrice. (résumé d'auteur)

Faut-il bien connaître le jeu pour anticiper au tennis ?

Crognier Lionel, Véret Nicolas, Fery Yves-André. Faut-il bien connaître le jeu pour anticiper au tennis ?. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°35, 2005. Les sports de raquette. Données scientifiques et méthodologiques. Applications pour l'entraînement. pp. 57-69