70 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
An Analysis of the Prehistoric Baskets from the Ozette Site, Cape Alava
The aims of this study are; first, to describe what has been found in the realm of baskets at the 0zette Site (45 CA 24), Cape Alava, Washing ton; second, to establish a foundation for predicting what should be ex pected in future excavations of baskets from this time period at 0zette; and third, to establish control of these data so that the 0zette baskets can be compared with both historic and prehistoric baskets in this area and elsewhere. This study will later be expanded to include the other forms of basketry--hats, mats, and cradles--and the cordage and knots at 0zette
Recommended from our members
SAA Award for Excellence in Archaeological Analysis, 2023 Nomination Statement
Ed Carriere, Suquamish Elder and Master Basketmaker, and Dale Croes were selected for the 2023 Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Award for Excellence in Archaeological Analysis. In this statement, Croes acknowledges his mentors Chair Dr. Richard Daugherty and Dr. John and Bryony Coles. This award shows that the synergy of culture and science produces more than either one does on its own
Recommended from our members
Generationally-Linked Archaeology The Use of Ancient Basketry (and Cordage) fromWet/Waterlogged Sites On the Northwest Coast to Show Cultural Ancestry and Identity
Through five decades of basketry and cordage research, I have tested style similarities in specific regions of the Northwest Coast. In recent work with Salishan Master Basketmaker Ed Carriere, Suquamish Elder, we have coined our approach as Generationally-Linked Archaeology, defined and explained in our JONA Memoir Re-Awakening Ancient Salish Sea Basketry, Fifty Years of Basketry Studies in Culture and Science (Carriere and Croes 2018, Croes, Carriere and Stapp 2018). Working from as far back as possible (deep time), and as additional wet sites have been reported, I have tested degrees of similarity of basketry and cordage attributes (modes) and types using Average-Linkage Cluster, Cladistic, and Bayesian phylogenetic test time-calibrated analyses. These tests conducted over four decades continue to support the hypothesis and demonstrate stable cultural styles through time, especially with Ed’s work (Salishan region) in contrast to those from the outside (Wakashan/Makah) West Coast sites for at least 3,000 years. Together we have experimentally replicated ancient wet site basketry in museums as old as 4,500 years, where Ed, supported by my statistical hypotheses, has learned from over 200 generations of his Salishan grandparents, compiling layers of weaves from 4,500-, 3,000-, 2,000-, and 1,000-year-old styles in a single basket he calls an Archaeology Basket—analogous to a Salishan 4+ millennia history book. In July 2022, Carriere was awarded the Community Spirit Award by the First Peoples Fund, and in February 2023, Carriere received the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) National Heritage Fellowship, both in large part from his work with Northwest archaeological basketry. On the Science side, Ed Carriere and I were awarded the March 2023 Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Award for Excellence in Archaeological Analysis, based on our Generationally-Linked Archaeological approach and demonstrating the synergy of culture and science produces more conjointly. Because of these awards, our publisher, Northwest Anthropology, LLC, has issued a hard cover version of our book, now available on their Storefront, or Amazon. The following are PowerPoint slides (Slide 1, 2, 3, 4,……) with captions as presented at the 76th Northwest Anthropological Conference held from April 12th to 15th, 2023, in Spokane, Washington
Recommended from our members
Trade and Contact between the Athapascan Regional Bands and the Northwest Coast Cultures
This WSU Graduate School paper attempts to explain trade and contact relationships found in late prehistoric and early White contact periods among the Pacific Drainage Athapascans and the Northwest Coast of North America. The locations and subdivisions of these regional bands are shown on the following map, page 2 (after Osgood, 1958). The specific Athapascan and Coastal regions dealt with here are colored in yellow. The AthaÂpascan regions will be handled consecutively, and certain regions will be grouped because of their interconnection with particular trade reÂgions. The routes of trade, trade goods, and processes of exchange will be most of the criteria examined here, yet the cultural relationships, during this time period, will be the important data considered here, for it is in the realm of their relationships that they established their contacts. In other words, each group had culturally shared ideas on how to approach and exchange with other cultural groups, and these cultural connections for this time period will be considered important here following the assumption that the cultural view of groups towards trade resources from other groups can be considered similar to their cultural views towards other environmental resources sought by the group; the main difference being they have to develop, patterns towards other cultures rather than towards the environment. The important quesÂtion here then is how were these cultural relationships characterized between the different regions and particularly between the coast and inÂterior? It will be seen that the factors answering this question vary between each regional band and also varies through time
Recommended from our members
The Undervalued Black Katy Chitons (Katharina Tunicata) as a Shellfish Resource on the Northwest Coast of North America
From the earliest movements of people onto the Northwest Coast of North America, black Katy chitons (Katharina tunicate) probably provided an important source of animal protein, as well as vitamin A and calcium. Archaeological studies often under-recognize their sometimes substantial contributions to the shellfish diet. A review of the ethnographic literature suggests their importance on the central and north coast; findings include a wide variety of recipes as a special meal, naming of high rank nobility “chiton,” and the very creation of women and all humans in some oral histories. This Native importance may reflect the deep-rooted transformation of this basic resource that helped support the First Peoples. Archaeologist may need to expand their bi-valve studies to better include the contribution of this eight valve/plate mollusk
Recommended from our members
National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) 2023 National Heritage Award Nomination for Ed Carriere, Suquamish Elder & Master Basketmaker
Ed Eugene Carriere, Suquamish Elder and Master Basketmaker has been named a 2023 National Heritage Fellow by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), recognizing Ed with a lifetime honor for his dedication to the preservation and artistic growth of cultural traditions. See his BIO and examples of work in the NEA announcement: https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/ed-eugene-carriere-suquamish. In addition to this fellowship, Carriere was awarded the Community Spirit Award by the First Peoples Fund in 2022 and, alongside Dale Croes, the Society for American Archaeology Award for Excellence in Archaeological Analysis in February. As the nominator, Croes provided his nomination statement and 20 examples of Carriere’s work.The NEA fellowship, considered the country’s highest honor in folk and traditional arts, has awarded 477 fellows, working in over 200 art forms, since 1982. Recipients are nominated by the public and judged by a panel of experts in folk and traditional arts. Panel recommendations are reviewed by the National Council on the Arts before the chair of the NEA makes the final decision.To see Ed Carriere, Suquamish Elder, being introduced, his speech, and recieving the 2023 National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) National Heritage Fellowship in Washington, DC, go to (15 minutes into program): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxf3pgZ2oEI&t=8
Recommended from our members
The Jaguar and the Mayan Cultures
The jaguar is the largest cat found on the .American continent, where it ranges from Texas through Central and South America to Patagonia. The jaguar easily adapted to the area known as the Mayan region. Before man's arrival this giant cat had few enemies. After man appeared he and the jaguar subsisted side by side in natural fear of one another. The jaguar could not relate his association with humans, but man, being of a symbolic nature, had attempted to define his relationship with this spotted cat. This paper is an attempt to show how the Mayan felt towards the jaguar and used his symbol in their culture. As an animal the jaguar was continually present to the peoples of Middle America. People in this area undoubtedly often came into contact with this mysterious cat of the forest. They saw the jaguar in their surrounding territory and could hear the cry of this great cat at night. This cry is deep and hoarse in tone, and consists of the sound pu pu, often repeated. The jaguar is basically yellow-gold with rosette-like spots. It is powerfully built, with a large head. A big male has a mouth wide enough to encase a humans' head. The jaguar someÂtimes attains a length of nine feet, of which the tail comprises some two and a half feet and a large male can weigh up to 400 lbs. This cat usually avoids man and rarely purposely attacks him unless wounded, trapped, or pressed by hunger. It is a skillful climber and preys basically upon deer and small mammals and sometimes upon fish. It has has developed a fond love of water
Recommended from our members
It’s Time to Get Wet—Wet Site Research in the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest Coast wet sites are both common and not that difficult to investigate and have abundant new kinds of data to add to our understanding of the archaeology of this dynamic coastal region. Wet site work remains “new current research” since it is not a mainstream approach yet. We need to encourage new and future Pacific Northwest archaeologists to get wet—or much wetter—for the great benefit of ongoing Pacific Northwest archaeological research
Recommended from our members
Exploring prehistoric subsistence change on the Northwest Coast
Over the past 10 years, we have conducted a collaborative research program at the Hoko River Archaeological Site Complex, northwestern Washington State, focused on deriving archaeological and environmental data needed to construct and test computer simulations predicting the process of subsistence change through time on the southern Northwest Coast of North America. The project researchers coordinated their efforts to develop increasingly effective strategies for collecting the environmental and archaeological data from the . archaeological site complex and region, so that the data could be used to best test the results of the computer simulations. This essay briefly reviews the simulation modeling approach and results, which have been reported in detail elsewhere (Croes & Hackenberger 1988), and more thoroughly tests the model with available Hoko River and regional archaeological data. The Hoko River Archaeological Site Complex provides evidence for 3,000 years of coastal occupation. It contains two temporally distinct major site areas: (1) an upriver waterlogged (wet) site and adjoining (dry) campsite area (45CA213), dating 3000-2000 BP; and (2) a river mouth living area within a large rockshelter (45CA21), occupied ca. 1000-100 BP. Archaeological data recovery from both sites provided distinct kinds of prehistoric remains, which were useful in different ways for testing the results of the computer simulations of subsistence change through time. The Hoko River wet site provides excellent preservation of perishable artifacts, allowing a much more complete understanding of procurement and processing equipment, such as fishing gear, butchering tools, and transporting equipment (i.e., pack baskets), as well as sensitive styles of basketry and cordage for intrasite comparisons and good preservation of faunal and floral remains reflecting resource uses (see Croes & Blinman 1980). The Hoko rockshelter site provides a classic shell midden site within a large rockshelter "container," with over 3.5 vertical meters and over 1,429 distinct layers representing several types of depositional features associated with occupations from the historic period back to approximately 1000 BP. Using a Harris-Winchester matrix, a 3-D time sequence of layers representing 18 activity episodes was distinguished and defined (Stucki n.d.). Within this geoarchaeological framework, the abundant shell midden vertebrate and invertebrate faunal remains provide the base data for studying subsistence change through time, providing abundant data for testing the evolution of economics as predicted in the simulation models (Wigen and Stucki 1988)
Recommended from our members
Early Man and his Influence on and Association with Late Pleistocene Fauna in Middle America
Early man arrived in Middle America from the north sometime within the Pleistocene. Almost all evidence of his presence indicates an arrival no earlier than 40,000 yrs. B.P. and probably later than 35, 000 B.P. From about 11,500 B.P. to 9,000 B.P. there are some definite direct associations between man and the late Pleistocene animals. These animals were mainly large terrestrial herbivores hunted by man until their extinction. This period occurred at the end of the Pleistocene ice age. The discovery of human artifacts directly associated with large PleisÂtocene herbivores in kill-sites illustrates man's utilization of these animals in his diet. The Purpose of this paper is not to stipulate the belief that early man was primarily a big-game-hunter, since there are some indications that he was not, but most evidence of early man in Middle .America was indicated by kill-sites where large Pleistocene animals were slaughtered. The large Pleistocene animals generally associated with man both stratigraphically and directly (through artifact association) are mammoths , mastodons, camels, horses, and bison. One thing I think should be pointed out now is that all these animals, though extinct in many parts of the world, do have directly related ancestors still surviving in the present world. The present day related late Pleistocene-type animals are elephants, modem horses, modern camels (in both the New and Old World), and cattle (even buffalo in the New World). For this reason they really have not expired from existence,World). For this reason they really have not expired from existence, but have, for some unanswered reason, become extinct in certain areas while some close relatives have generally survived. It is also possible importance that these related Pleistocene type animals, that have survived, have almost all become closely associated, if not completely controlled by man through different degrees of domestication. The simple fact that certain breeds have been able to live with man may very well be the reason for their survival
- …