Results from the grating orientation discrimination experiment.

<p>(A) Stimuli presented in the experiment. In the CFS trials, flanking stimuli presented to the non-dominant eye of the observers in the flanked condition were perceptually suppressed from awareness by the CFS stimuli that were simultaneously presented to their dominant eye. Thus, in any given CFS trial, only the target grating pattern and the CFS stimuli were perceptually visible. Note that the actual contrast of the stimuli presented to their non-dominant eye was much lower than that illustrated here. (B) Contrast thresholds (in log scale) in the unflanked and flanked conditions as a function of CFS (n = 4). Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means.</p

Results from the critical spacing experiment.

<p>(A) Individual observer data. Contrast thresholds (in log scale) for identifying target grating patterns presented in various degrees of eccentricity as a function of center-to-center distance between the target and flanking gratings. Error bars indicate the standard deviations (3 data points per condition was collected from each observer). Stimuli presented in this experiment were identical to those used previously in the CFS trials of the grating orientation discrimination experiment (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028814#pone-0028814-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>). (B) The critical spacing of crowding (in degree) as a function of eccentricity (n = 2). Bouma's proportionality constant <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028814#pone.0028814-Mudrik1" target="_blank">[23]</a> is illustrated here for reference.</p

Mean number of false alarm braking events in Experiment 2.

<p>Error bars are standard deviations.</p

Mean braking reaction times for Experiment 1.

<p>Error bars are standard deviations.</p