Algunos comentarios relacionados con la sustracción internacional de menores según lo regulado por el Reglamento (UE) n.º 1111/2019 del Consejo y la jurisprudencia rumana

Considering that the international child abduction has increased nowadays, as it results from the Romanian case law, we have decided to study this part of the new Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25 June 2019 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, and on international child abduction (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulation No. 1111/2019”). For this purpose, we shall also outline the differences between the Regulation No. 1111/2019 and the Council Regulation (EC) No. 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulation No. 2201/2003”), which shall be repealed by the Regulation No. 1111/2019 from the 1st of August 2022. The international child abduction is included in the title of a regulation for the first time. As well, a special chapter related to the international child abduction was inserted – Chapter III, articles 22-29. This amendment included by the Regulation No. 1111/2019 is not only useful, but also natural, given that the issue of the international child abduction is a complete separate issue from the parental responsibility and the exercise of this responsibility. The new Regulation No. 1111/2019 provides clarifications in relation to the period when the seised court must give its decision, in article 24, entitled Expeditious court proceedings. In accordance with the legal provisions of both the Regulation No. 1111/2019 and the 1980 Hague Convention, for ordering the return of a child the following conditions must be met: (i) there has been a breach of the rights of custody, (ii) the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child was actually exercising the custody rights at the time of removal or retention, (iii) the child was habitually resident immediately before the wrongful removal or retention in the state where the return is requested, (iv) the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child had not consented to or subsequently acquiesced in the removal or retention, (v) no exception provided by articles 12 and 13 of the 1980 Hague Convention applies.Asimismo, se insertó un capítulo especial relacionado con la sustracción internacional de menores: el capítulo III, artículos 22 a 29. Esta modificación incluida por el Reglamento nº 1111/2019 no solo es útil, sino también natural, dado que la cuestión de la sustracción internacional de menores es una cuestión completamente separada de la responsabilidad parental y el ejercicio de esta responsabilidad. El nuevo Reglamento n.º 1111/2019 proporciona aclaraciones en relación con el período en que el órgano jurisdiccional que conoce del asunto debe pronunciarse, en el artículo 24, titulado Procedimientos judiciales expeditivos. De conformidad con las disposiciones legales tanto del Reglamento n.º 1111/2019 como del Convenio de La Haya de 1980, para ordenar la restitución de un menor deben cumplirse las siguientes condiciones: (i) se han producido violaciones de los derechos de custodia, (ii) la persona, institución u otro órgano que tenga el cuidado de la persona del menor estaba ejerciendo efectivamente los derechos de custodia en el momento del traslado o la retención, (iii) el niño tenía su residencia habitual inmediatamente antes del traslado o retención ilícitos en el Estado en que se solicita la restitución, (iv) la persona, institución u otro órgano que tuviera a su cargo la persona del niño no hubiera consentido o consentido posteriormente el traslado o la retención, (v) no se aplicará ninguna excepción prevista en los artículos 12 y 13 del Convenio de La Haya de 1980

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: presentation and management

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is characterized by the presence of lipid-laden foamy macrophages with both acute and chronic phase inflammatory cells. The aim of the study is to present our experience about patients with Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 29 patients were evaluated through a complete anamnesis and the preoperative management included routine blood and biochemical tests, urine culture and renal ultrasound, intravenous urography and computed tomography (CT). All patients underwent open nephrectomy followed by the pathological exam. The main symptoms of these patients were fever and flank pain. Preoperative laboratory tests revealed anemia, leukocytosis and increasing levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Kidney failure was noticed in almost half of the cases. This study succeeded to evaluate the demographic, clinical, biological, surgical and histological characteristics. A pathological diagnosis is mandatory mainly for the evaluation of its coexistence with renal carcinoma

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES REGARDING THE CHILD’S CARE

Following the entry into force of Law No. 257/2013 for the amendment of Law No. 272/2004 on the protection and promotion of the child’s rights new provisions were adopted in relation with the child’s protection whose parents work abroad. This regulation was necessary in view of the increasing number of parents who, due to the need to ensure a decent living for the dependent children, are forced to work outside of Romania, but for this reason they neglect to raise and to care for them. The study examines theoretical issues of the child’s care that raise some debates in the doctrine. The research also consists in the analysis of the new regulation related to the child’s care both from theoretical and practical perspectives. The authors intend to carry out an analysis of the relevant case law of the courts of law in the matter of child’s care. From this perspective, there are some issues in relation to a child’s dwelling when his parents do not live together anymore. As far as the change of the child's dwelling is concerned, we have to distinguish between the children entrusted to one of the parents according to the Family Code and the children for whom the parental authority has been ordered to be jointly exercised and to have their place of residence with one of their parents, according to the provisions of the Civil Code. With respect to the child’s dwelling, both within the doctrine and the case law, it has emerged the notion of alternative or sharing dwelling of the child

Does the COVID Pandemic Modify the Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens in Female Patients? A New Storm?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a common pathology among female patients, leading to overprescribing antibiotics, globally. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased the incidence of this particular viral pneumonia with secondary bacterial superinfection, resulting in continuous therapeutic or prophylactic recommendations of antibiotic treatment; thus, an updated analysis of current antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens is mandatory. This cross-sectional retrospective study conducted in two university hospitals in Bucharest, Romania analyzed 2469 positive urine cultures, among two different periods of 6 months, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli 1505 (60.95%), followed by Klebsiella spp. 426 (17.25%). Enterococcus spp. was the leading Gram-positive pathogen 285 (11.54%). In gram negative bacteria, in almost all cases, an increased in resistance was observed, but the highest increase was represented by quinolones in Klebsiella spp., from 16.87% to 35.51% and Pseudomonas from 30.3% to 77.41%; a significant increase in resistance was also observed for carbapenems. Surprisingly, a decrease in resistance to Penicillin was observed in Enterococcus spp., but the overall tendency of increased resistance is also maintained for gram positive pathogens. The lack of data on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on uropathogens’ resistance promotes these findings as important for every clinician treating UTIs and for every specialist in the medical field in promoting reasonable recommendations of antibiotic therapies

Uropathogens’ Antibiotic Resistance Evolution in a Female Population: A Sequential Multi-Year Comparative Analysis

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) represent a common finding among females and an important basis for antibiotic treatment. Considering the significant increase in antibiotic resistance during the last decades, this study retrospectively follows the incidence of uropathogens and the evolution of resistance rates in the short and medium term. The current study was conducted at the “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, including 1124 positive urine cultures, in three periods of four months between 2018 and 2022. Escherichia coli was the most frequent uropathogen (54.53%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (16.54%), and Enterococcus spp. (14.59%). The incidence of UTIs among the female population is directly proportional to age, with few exceptions. The highest overall resistance in Gram-negative uropathogens was observed for levofloxacin 30.69%, followed by ceftazidime 13.77% and amikacin 9.86%. The highest resistance in Gram-positive uropathogens was observed for levofloxacin 2018-R = 34.34%, 2020-R = 50.0%, and 2022-R = 44.92%, and penicillin 2018-R = 36.36%, 2020-R = 41.17%, and 2022-R = 37.68%. In Gram-negative uropathogens, a linear evolution was observed for ceftazidime 2018-R = 11.08%, 2020-R = 13.58%, and 2022-R = 17.33%, and levofloxacin 2018-R = 28.45%, 2020-R = 33.33%, and 2022-R = 35.0%. The current knowledge dictates the need to continuously assess antimicrobial resistance patterns, information that is necessary for treatment recommendations. The present study aims to determine the current situation and the evolution trends according to the current locoregional situation

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia—The First Case Report and Brief Review

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) represents a rare and severe pathology secondary to chronic urinary obstruction and recurrent infections. Commonly, this condition leads to loss of kidney function, and frequently, surgical approach is the only optional treatment. Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli are the most frequent pathogens associated with XGP. The actual changes in the pathogen’s characteristics increased the risk of newly acquired infections once considered opportunistic. Stenotrophomonas malthophilia is one of those agents more related to immunocompromised patients, presenting an increased incidence and modified antibiotic resistance profile in the modern era. This case report presents a healthy female patient with an underlying renal stone pathology diagnosed with XGP related to S. maltophilia urinary infection. After a complete biological and imagistic evaluation, the case was treated as pyonephrosis. Empirical antibiotic administration and a surgical approach were considered. A total nephrectomy was performed, but the patient’s condition did not improve. The patient’s status improved when specific antibiotics were administered based on the bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of drained perinephric fluid. Levofloxacin and Vancomycin were considered the optimal combination in this case. The histopathological examination revealed XGP secondary to chronic renal stone. The present study describes the first case of XGP related to an aerobic Gram-negative pathogen such as S. maltophilia, once considered opportunistic, in an apparently healthy female adult

Using Pinus halepensis trees as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution

Se estudia la viabilidad de utilizar el pino carrasco como bioindicador de la presencia de metales pesados en el suelo