Solid Waste Management in Local Municipalities

For most of the era since 1960, when environmental policy and resource policy have been central public issues, the focus of public debates on those policies was at the federal and state levels. Now, more and more of the decisions and policies that will determine the quality of life for citizens are being made at the local level. Issues that have historically been local prerogatives are increasingly identified as crucial for effective environmental policy and for insuring quality of life. Those local decisions are often constrained by a wide variety of state and federal policies on environmental policy and resource use, but effective management of quality of life issues by local governments will clearly require more than reluctant reaction to rules and deadlines imposed from above. In one of a series of three articles in this issue, George Criner examine the match between the increasing demands for local action on environment-related issues and the local resources available to meet those demands, focusing on local solid waste plannin

The cost of retailing milk in Knoxville, Tennessee

The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of retailing milk in Knoxville, Tennessee, in a convenient store and in a supermarket during August 1978. The procedure employed was the economic-engineering method of analysis. The costs of retailing milk in each store were broken into five cost elements: the land and building cost element; the refrigeration equipment cost element; the utility cost element; the direct milk labor cost element; and the store services cost element. The total annual cost of retailing milk in the representative Knoxville supermarket equaled $22,127.83 and$9,063.11 in the representative convenient store. The per quart equivalent cost of retailing milk equaled 4.041 cents in the supermarket and 8.286 cents in the convenient store. Per quart equivalent milk retailing costs were also determined for each of the cost elements in the two stores. The supermarket had lower per quart equivalent milk retailing costs for all cost elements except for the direct milk labor cost element. The store services cost element in both stores had higher per quart equivalent milk retailing cost than any of the other cost elements. The per quart equivalent milk retailing cost for the store services cost element in the super market equaled 2.417 cents while in the convenient store it equaled 5.501 cents

DIRECT PRODUCE PROFIT FOR SMALL AND INTERMEDIATE SIZE GROCERY RETAILERS

Direct product profit (DPP) is a retailing tool used to analyze product sales performance. Although the concept is over 20 years old, its widespread use in grocery stores is a fairly recent phenomena. A product's DPP is calculated as its adjusted gross margin less its direct selling costs, which normally include transportation, warehousing, and retailing or store costs. A product's DPP and sales volume classifies it in one of four categories to assist in merchandising options. Fifteen small and intermediate size grocery retailers cooperated with a study of produce DPP. Based on weekly produce sales, the stores were separated into three groups. As store group produce sales increased, produce adjusted gross margin and DPP increased. Based on produce sales volume and DPP level, various merchandising strategies are suggested.Agribusiness,

ADULT PREFERENCES OF SOLIDS-ENRICHED MILK

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

TB140: Milk Processing and Distribution Costs: The Maine Model

The objective of this study is to estimate the theoretically lowest achievable costs of processing and distributing milk in Maine. Costs are estimated for two state-of-the-art processing plants. The first plant produces and distributes a full line of products, including white milk, chocolate milk, orange juice, buttermilk, and distributes additional products such as cheeses and yogurts. The other plant produces a limited line of products including white milk packaged in plastic gallon and plastic half-gallon containers only. Both hypothetical plants are assumed to be located in the Portland, Maine, area.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1198/thumbnail.jp

B848: Economic Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Wood Beams

This study assesses the costs of producing an innovative structural beam developed at the University of Maine that employs Maine’s underutilized timber resources. The new beams are composite beams that are made by reinforcing glue-laminated timber beams, commonly known as glulam, with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) in the tension region of the beam. The current study addresses the following research objectives: (1) developing cost models for a range of FRP-reinforced eastern hemlock and non-reinforced southern pine glulam beam alternatives; and (2) conducting sensitivity analyses on key cost parameters.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/1006/thumbnail.jp

APPLE PREFERENCES, FORMULATION AND TESTING: RED DELICIOUS, MCINTOSH AND EMPIRE

Consumer/Household Economics,

TB205: Cost of Supplemental Irrigation for Potato Production in Maine

This report presents estimated irrigation costs for potato production in Maine. The variability of the weather in Maine (particularly precipitation) has a large influence on crop yields and overall farm profitability. The use of supplemental irrigation on high-value agricultural crops can improve the economic situation of farmers who use this equipment efficiently. Costs considered in this report include capital costs (equipment, interest, water development (pond construction, permitting, engineering), and operating and maintenance costs (labor, power, repair).https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1010/thumbnail.jp

TB181: 2000 Milk Processing Costs in Maine

The objective of this study is to provide an estimate of the theoretically lowest achievable costs of processing and distributing milk in Maine. This processing and distribution margin (referred hence as margin ) is estimated for a state-of-the-art processing plant assumed to be located in the Portland, Maine, area. The plant is assumed to produce and distribute a line of products including white milk, chocolate milk, orange juice, and other fruit drinks, and to distribute additional purchased products such as cheeses and yogurts. This report will present information for four plants to better study the impact of plant size and production scope on costs.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1027/thumbnail.jp

B833: A Residential Waste Stream Analysis: Orono, Maine, 1990

George Criner and Chet Rock of the University of Maine, and students from their Waste Management class analyzed household wastes from 33 residences in Orono. The purpose of the analysis was to obtain an estimate of total weekly residential waste weight and its composition by category (paper versus glass, etc.).https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/1022/thumbnail.jp