Saccade behaviour in migraine patients

Background: Voxel-based morphometry studies in migraine patients showed significant grey matter volume reduction in regions involved in the control of saccadic eye movements. We hypothesized that these changes would be reflected in dysfunctional saccadic behaviour. Methods: Saccades were recorded by infrared oculography using three different paradigms (pro-saccade with gap, prosaccade overlap and anti-saccade with gap). We compared the results for migraine patients (n = 80) with those for controls (n = 87). Results: No significant differences were found between migraine patients with (n = 46) and without (n = 34) aura. Migraine patients showed a saccadic behaviour that differed from controls in three respects. In migraine patients, the latencies in the pro-saccade with gap paradigm were borderline significantly longer. Moreover, in both the pro-saccade with gap and the pro-saccade overlap paradigm we observed a larger intra-individual variation of the latency in migraine patients. However, the biggest difference was that the patients who received migraine prophylactic therapy made significantly more anti-saccade errors in the anti-saccade with gap paradigm, suggesting that inhibitory saccade control is impaired in migraine patients depending on the severity of the migraine. Conclusion: We suggest a deficient inhibitory control, reflecting an executive dysfunction in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or a dysfunction in the cingulate cortex, is present in migraine patients

Knowledge Acquisition for the Creation of Assistance Tools to the Management of Air Traffic Control

International audienceThis paper presents an approach which has for objective to model new tools allowing to help the controllers to assume the incessant increase of the air traffic (actual version of the platform AMANDA V2), as well as help them in the negotiation phase and cooperation with their counterparts of adjacent sector (objectives of the new version of AMANDA). Help them in furnishing some tools able to quickly share information, and to maintain good common situation awareness. An approach is proposed, it is divided in three main phases. A first phase which consists of understand and to model the decision-making process of controllers. The second phase introduces a multiple criteria decision-making methodology. This Methodology has for objective to understand in more details the activities of controllers and the cases of cooperation with adjacent sectors. Finally, the last phase is the operational level of the approach, and consists of an application of repertory grid methodology in order to guide the interviews with the different participants of the study. This will allow realizing the knowledge acquisition, keeping in mind objective to develop new tools. To conclude this paper, the last part presents an example of application of this approach and the first results

AMANDA V3: Toward a Common Workspace between Air Traffic Controllers

International audienceThis paper presents the different tools developed in the LAMIH, in optics to assist air traffic controllers in their tasks, to decrease their workloads, and to enable them to support the ceaseless increase of the traffic. Common philosophy to all these tools is to preserve the controllers in the loop: we do not try to develop tools entirely automatic. The platform AMANDA V2 made it possible to set up and to evaluate a common workspace, which allows the two controllers of a sector to cooperate and to share the same representation of their traffic and conflicts. This space maintains common situation awareness. This tool was very appreciated by professional controllers and we now wish to extend this principle to the cooperation between two planning controllers of two adjacent sectors. It is what we present in this paper which begins with a presentation of the ATC then a point on the platforms of the laboratory and particularly AMANDA V2, to conclude with the objectives of AMANDA V3

Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage

Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse proposent une aide à la décision pour améliorer la qualité de l apprentissage. L apprentissage scolaire englobe deux dimension; une dimension humaine et une dimension pédagogique. La dimension humaine inclut l apprenant et l enseignant. La dimension pédagogique, représentée par le programme fixé par l établissement éducatif, correspond au savoir. Ce dernier va se transformer en connaissance chez l apprenant. Les deux notions de connaissance et savoir sont donc tout à fait différentes. La distance entre les deux représente la distance entre ce que l enseignant présente (le savoir) et ce que l apprenant acquière (la connaissance). La qualité de l apprentissage concerne les apprenants qui vont à l école pour acquérir le savoir. En fait, apprendre consiste à intérioriser le savoir. Cette intériorisation demande des efforts pour un changement intellectuel persévérant et exige une continuité basée sur les expériences antérieures. L acquisition du savoir et sa transformation en connaissance par l apprenant sont influencées par plusieurs facteurs qui interviennent positivement ou négativement sur la quantité et la qualité de cette connaissance. Il peut résider chez l apprenant une confusion entre les deux notions qui peut l amener à valoriser ou ignorer sa connaissance. Le processus de construction des connaissances par le savoir diffusé exige une constante mise en œuvre de procédures d évaluation. Le processus d évaluation apprécie alors la structure de la connaissance pour prendre des décisions destinées à la faire évoluer. Cependant, lors d une évaluation, la confusion entre connaissance et savoir peut amener l apprenant à valoriser le score, négligeant ainsi le regard qu il pourrait porter sur les processus de transformation des connaissances au profit d une restitution la plus fidèle possible du savoir. Cette confusion peut être mise en évidence pourvu que l évaluation intègre une dimension processuelle. Dès lors, l évaluation peut être mieux associée à des actions d amélioration et de transformation des connaissances. L évaluation peut alors être abordée dans une logique d aide à la décision. Dans ce travail nous montrerons donc qu une situation d apprentissage s apparente à une situation d aide à la décision.The research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation.VALENCIENNES-Bib. électronique (596069901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Vers une modélisation des systèmes coopératifs

International audienceDans le cadre de la coopération homme-homme, les agents humains construisent et maintiennent une représentation partagée de la situation par l'intermédiaire d'échanges verbaux. Cette représentation a été appelée Référentiel Commun, mais n'est que virtuelle. Dans le cadre de la coopération homme-machine, il est nécessaire de rendre opérationnel ce Référentiel Commun. C'est ce que nous présentons dans ce papier, où une expérimentation a permis de définir de manière exacte son contenu dans le cadre du contrôle de trafic aérien, ce qui a permis de bâtir un modèle de système coopératif que nous présentons ici

Bilateral exostoses of the internal auditory canal

A 54-year-old female patient presented to her physician with a 3-year-old history of bilateral tinnitus and hearing loss. She also complained of paresthesia in the periauricular area. There were no episodes of imbalance or vertigo

Application d'une méthodologie d'aide à la décision multicritère dans le cadre du contrôle du trafic aérien, coopération sur plusieurs secteurs

International audienceCet article présente l'application de la Méthodologie MultiCritère d'Aide à la Décision (MMCAD) dans le domaine du contrôle du trafic aérien. Cette MMCAD a tout d'abord pour objectif de comprendre la démarche des contrôleurs aériens dans leurs tâches de détection et de résolution de conflits, dans leur secteur de contrôle, et aussi en coopération avec les secteurs adjacents. Suite à cette analyse, les outils d'aide au contrôle du trafic aérien présents dans la plateforme AMANDA (Automation & MAN-machine Delegation of Action), pourront être étendus pour une utilisation sur les secteurs adjacents, AMANDA ne gérant actuellement qu'un seul secteur de contrôle. Mots clés-contrôle aérien, analyse multicritère, aide à la décision, coopération homme machine, MMCAD, espace de travail commun, AMANDA

The role of live visuals in audience understanding of electronic music Performances

There is an identified lack of visual feedback in electronic music performances. Live visuals have been used to fill in this gap. However, there is a scarcity of studies that analyze the effectiveness of live visuals in conveying feedback. In this paper, we aim to study the contribution of live visuals to the understanding of electronic music performances, from the perspective of the audience. We present related work in the fields of audience studies in performing arts, electronic music and audiovisuals. For this purpose, we organized two live events, where 10 audiovisual performances took place. We used questionnaires to conduct an audience study in these events. Results point to a better audience understanding in two of the four design patterns we used as analytical framework. In our discussion, we suggest best practices for the design of audiovisual performance systems that can lead to improved audience understanding

Pseudotumoral tophaceous involvement of the Achilles paratenon

Gout is the most common form of microcrystalline arthropathy which usually does not pose a diagnostic challenge when patients have typical presentation, appropriate biochemical picture and classical radiographic appearance. However, formation of gouty tophi in unusual locations and with atypical presentations may mislead clinicians and radiologists, thereby justifying gout nickname as the “great mimicker”. When interpreting images of tendon related masses, radiologists should be aware of gouty tophi as a possible differential given its variable and nonspecific imaging appearance. In this article, we present a case of a patient with a painless tophaceous gout nodule, adjacent to the Achilles tendon