630 research outputs found
Free-Knot Spline Approximation of Stochastic Processes
We study optimal approximation of stochastic processes by polynomial splines
with free knots. The number of free knots is either a priori fixed or may
depend on the particular trajectory. For the -fold integrated Wiener process
as well as for scalar diffusion processes we determine the asymptotic behavior
of the average -distance to the splines spaces, as the (expected) number
of free knots tends to infinity.Comment: 23 page
Fermionic Coset, Critical Level W^(2)_4-Algebra and Higher Spins
The fermionic coset is a limit of the pure spinor formulation of the AdS5xS5
sigma model as well as a limit of a nonlinear topological A-model, introduced
by Berkovits. We study the latter, especially its symmetries, and map them to
higher spin algebras.
We show the following. The linear A-model possesses affine
\AKMSA{pgl}{4}{4}_0 symmetry at critical level and its \AKMSA{psl}{4}{4}_0
current-current perturbation is the nonlinear model. We find that the
perturbation preserves -algebra symmetry at critical
level. There is a topological algebra associated to \AKMSA{pgl}{4}{4}_0 with
the properties that the perturbation is BRST-exact. Further, the
BRST-cohomology contains world-sheet supersymmetric symplectic fermions and the
non-trivial generators of the -algebra. The Zhu functor
maps the linear model to a higher spin theory. We analyze its
\SLSA{psl}{4}{4} action and find finite dimensional short multiplets.Comment: 25 page
Mutual influence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and chronic pain among injured accident survivors: A longitudinal study
The relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), and chronic pain was investigated in a longitudinal study of injured accident victims (N = 323, 64.7% men). Assessments took place 5 days (T1), 6 (T2) months, and 12 (T3) months postaccident. Relations between pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms were tested by structural equation modeling. Subjects diagnosed with full or subsyndromal PTSD at T2 and at T3 (14 and 19%) reported significantly higher pain intensity. Cross-lagged panel analysis yielded a mutual maintenance of pain intensity and ASD or PTSD symptoms across T2. Across the second half year, PTSD symptoms impacted significantly on pain but not vice versa. Clinicians need to pay careful attention to PTSD symptoms in accident survivors suffering from chronic pain
Higher spin AdS_3 holography with extended supersymmetry
We propose a holographic duality between a higher spin AdS_3 gravity with
so(p) extended supersymmetry and a large N limit of a 2-dimensional
Grassmannian-like model with a specific critical level k=N and a non-diagonal
modular invariant. As evidence, we show the match of one-loop partition
functions. Moreover, we construct symmetry generators of the coset model for
low spins which are dual to gauge fields in the supergravity. Further, we
discuss a possible relation to superstring theory by noticing an N=3
supersymmetry of critical level model at finite k,N. In particular, we examine
BPS states and marginal deformations. Inspired by the supergravity side, we
also propose and test another large N CFT dual obtained as a Z_2 automorphism
truncation of a similar coset model, but at a non-critical level.Comment: 44 pages, published versio
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Efficiency traps beyond the climate crisis: exploration-exploitation trade-offs and rebound effects
Data accessibility: The code and supplementary materials is available from the Github Repository: https://github.com/School-of-Collective-Intelligence/Jevons-Paradox-and-Cultural-Evolution [62]. A simulation tool can be accessed from the following links: https://jevons-collectiveintelligence.pythonanywhere.com/ or https://jsegoviamartin.pythonanywhere.com/ [63]. This material is also available from the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqnk [64] as part of the Climate Change Adaptation Needs a Science of Culture data portal on the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org./10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4 [65].Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Higher levels of economic activity are often accompanied by higher energy use and consumption of natural resources. As fossil fuels still account for 80% of the global energy mix, energy consumption remains closely linked to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus to climate change. Under the assumption of sufficiently elastic demand, this reality of global economic development based on permanent growth of economic activity, brings into play the Jevons Paradox, which hypothesises that increases in the efficiency of resource use leads to increases in resource consumption. Previous research on the rebound effects has limitations, including a lack of studies on the connection between reinforcement learning and environmental consequences. This paper develops a mathematical model and computer simulator to study the effects of micro-level exploration–exploitation strategies on efficiency, consumption and sustainability, considering different levels of direct and indirect rebound effects. Our model shows how optimal exploration–exploitation strategies for increasing efficiency can lead to unsustainable development patterns if they are not accompanied by demand reduction measures, which are essential for mitigating climate change. Moreover, our paper speaks to the broader issue of efficiency traps by highlighting how indirect rebound effects not only affect primary energy (PE) consumption and GHG emissions, but also resource consumption in other domains. By linking these issues together, our study sheds light on the complexities and interdependencies involved in achieving sustainable development goals.We received no specific funding for this project
Massless particles on supergroups and AdS3 x S3 supergravity
Firstly, we study the state space of a massless particle on a supergroup with
a reparameterization invariant action. After gauge fixing the
reparameterization invariance, we compute the physical state space through the
BRST cohomology and show that the quadratic Casimir Hamiltonian becomes
diagonalizable in cohomology. We illustrate the general mechanism in detail in
the example of a supergroup target GL(1|1). The space of physical states
remains an indecomposable infinite dimensional representation of the space-time
supersymmetry algebra. Secondly, we show how the full string BRST cohomology in
the particle limit of string theory on AdS3 x S3 renders the quadratic Casimir
diagonalizable, and reduces the Hilbert space to finite dimensional
representations of the space-time supersymmetry algebra (after analytic
continuation). Our analysis provides an efficient way to calculate the
Kaluza-Klein spectrum for supergravity on AdS3 x S3. It may also be a step
towards the identification of an interesting and simpler subsector of
logarithmic supergroup conformal field theories, relevant to string theory.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
Topological defects for the free boson CFT
Two different conformal field theories can be joined together along a defect
line. We study such defects for the case where the conformal field theories on
either side are single free bosons compactified on a circle. We concentrate on
topological defects for which the left- and right-moving Virasoro algebras are
separately preserved, but not necessarily any additional symmetries. For the
case where both radii are rational multiples of the self-dual radius we
classify these topological defects. We also show that the isomorphism between
two T-dual free boson conformal field theories can be described by the action
of a topological defect, and hence that T-duality can be understood as a
special type of order-disorder duality.Comment: 43 pages, 4 figure
Climate action for health and wellbeing in cities: a protocol for the systematic development of a database of peer-reviewed studies using machine learning methods [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
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STUDY PROTOCOL
Climate action for health and wellbeing in cities: a protocol for the systematic development of a database of peer-reviewed studies using machine learning methods [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
Kristine Belesova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-50411, Max Callaghan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-87582, Jan C Minx https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-01782, Felix Creutzig2, Catalina Turcu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-25863, Emma Hutchinson1, James Milner1, Melanie Crane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-22114, Andy Haines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-46051, Michael Davies5, Paul Wilkinson1
Author details
1 Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
2 Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, 10829, Germany
3 Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, WC1H 0QB, UK
4 Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
5 Bartlett School Environment, Energy & Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0QB, UK
Kristine Belesova
Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing
Max Callaghan
Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – Review & Editing
Jan C Minx
Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – Review & Editing
Felix Creutzig
Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – Review & Editing
Catalina Turcu
Roles: Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing
Emma Hutchinson
Roles: Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing
James Milner
Roles: Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing
Melanie Crane
Roles: Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing
Andy Haines
Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing
Michael Davies
Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing
Paul Wilkinson
Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing
Abstract
Cities produce more than 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Action by cities is therefore crucial for climate change mitigation as well as for safeguarding the health and wellbeing of their populations under climate change. Many city governments have made ambitious commitments to climate change mitigation and adaptation and implemented a range of actions to address them. However, a systematic record and synthesis of the findings of evaluations of the effect of such actions on human health and wellbeing is currently lacking. This, in turn, impedes the development of robust knowledge on what constitutes high-impact climate actions of benefit to human health and wellbeing, which can inform future action plans, their implementation and scale-up. The development of a systematic record of studies reporting climate and health actions in cities is made challenging by the broad landscape of relevant literature scattered across many disciplines and sectors, which is challenging to effectively consolidate using traditional literature review methods. This protocol reports an innovative approach for the systematic development of a database of studies of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions implemented in cities, and their benefits (or disbenefits) for human health and wellbeing, derived from peer-reviewed academic literature. Our approach draws on extensive tailored search strategies and machine learning methods for article classification and tagging to generate a database for subsequent systematic reviews addressing questions of importance to urban decision-makers on climate actions in cities for human health and wellbeing
On the coset duals of extended higher spin theories
We study the holographic duality between the M x M matrix extension of
Vasiliev higher spin theories on AdS3 and the large N limit of SU(N+M)/SU(N) x
U(1) type cosets. We present a simplified proof for the agreement of the
spectra and clarify the relation between this duality and the version in which
the cosets are replaced by Kazama-Suzuki models of Grassmannian type.Comment: 27 pages, 1 tabl
N=1 extension of minimal model holography
The CFT dual of the higher spin theory with minimal N = 1 spectrum is
determined. Unlike previous examples of minimal model holography, there is no
free parameter beyond the central charge, and the CFT can be described in terms
of a non-diagonal modular invariant of the bosonic theory at the special value
of the 't Hooft parameter lambda=1/2. As evidence in favour of the duality we
show that the symmetry algebras as well as the partition functions agree
between the two descriptions.Comment: 28 page
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