Normes alimentaires et minorisation « ethnique »

Dans cette contribution, je montrerai comment les critères qualitatifs produits dans les discours tenus par les femmes de ces familles installées en France, autour « d’une alimentation saine pour un corps mince », permettent de mettre à jour des argumentations féminines dont l’objet est de légitimer leur conformité, tout en se distanciant à l’égard des normes alimentaires parentales. J’exposerai ici principalement le matériau résultant d’entretiens effectués auprès de jeunes filles et de leur mère en 2004, sur le thème de l’alimentation et du rapport au corps. Les filles, parce qu’elles sont à la fois le support de l’honneur familial et l’objet d’une lutte symbolique entre « minoritaires » et « majoritaires », sont particulièrement sensibles aux questions alimentaires et aux normes produites autour du corps par les membres de la société (médias, champ médical, etc.). Influencées, comme nombre de femmes par les images du corps filiforme, comment ces jeunes filles nées, tantôt au Maroc tantôt en France, argumentent‑elles leurs choix alimentaires en faveur « d’un corps mince et en bonne santé » ?In this article, I show how the qualitative criteria produced when women from families located in France talk about « a healthy diet for a slim body » allow for an up-dating of feminine arguments the object of which is to legitimate their conformity while at the same time distancing themselves with respect to parental food norms. The material presented here is mainly taken from interviews conducted with young girls and their mother in 2004 on the theme of food and relations to the body. Due to the fact that they are both the basis of family honour and the object of a symbolic struggle between « minority » and « majority » groups, the girls are particularly sensitive to issues relating to food, and to the norms produced about the body by members of the society (the media, medical field, etc.). Influenced by images of a filiform body, as are numerous women, how do these young girls, some of whom were born in Morocco others in France, argue in support of their dietary choices in favour of « a slim and healthy body »

Des invisibles trop visibles ?

Les travailleurs agricoles venus du Maghreb sont présents depuis une quarantaine d’années dans les vignobles de la région bordelaise. Or la société majoritaire peine à les reconnaître comme membres à part entière de ce territoire qu’ils ont contribué à façonner et à enrichir. Logique productiviste, hiérarchies sociales, combinées aux visées racialisantes et discriminatoires de certains patrons et de la population locale, renforcent leur marginalisation. En réaction, les ouvriers agricoles et leurs familles ont à cœur de défendre les raisons de leur ancrage dans cette terre de vignes

L'auto-catégorisation des Merina et leur identification par les membres de la société française

L'aperçu statistique et historique mettant en relief les caractéristiques de l'élite migrante malgache : appropriation de certains traits de la culture occidentale et invisibilité permet de démontrer que les Merina élaborent malgré tout un processus de différenciation ethnique basé sur leur culture d'origine et qu'ils réutilisent, en fonction de celle-ci, les catégories que le groupe majoritaire leur attribue pour se distinguer de manière positive des immigrés. La catégorisation des Merina par les Français n'est qu'un des versants de l'ethnicité malgache. L'examen du processus à travers lequel les migrants malgaches s'identifient eux-mêmes sur la base d'un ethos culturel supposé commun permet de comprendre l'ordonnancement de la réalité sociale de ces acteurs dans le pays d'immigration. Ainsi, l'exemple de cette élite merina livre une connaissance sur le mode d'identification de ces migrants qui est simultanément différenciation.A statistical and historical glimpse outlining the characteristics of this elite migrant Madagascan population; its adoption of some western cultural traits; their invisibility which shows that Madagascans can develop ethnic awareness based on own original their culture, while using the categories attributed to them in order to set them apart in a positive light from other immigrants.The process by which the migrant Madagascans identify themselves, which is based upon a supposedly communal cultural ethos helps to understand the rulesof social participation in the country of immigration. Thus the example of the Merina elite sheds knowledge on the migrant's mode of identification, which also acts as a form of self-differentiation

Regards sur l’anthropologie, regards sur l’image…

Je dédie cet article à celui qui fut encore jusqu’à peu un interlocuteur éclairé qui n’hésitait pas à échanger longuement au téléphone au sujet de mes recherches en cours, à se déplacer lorsque j’organisais un colloque ou les journées décentralisées du film ethnographique à Sainte‑Foy‑La-Grande. Dans un premier temps, je rappellerai ce qui nous rapprochait. Puis, dans cet article, j’interrogerai également la manière dont la recherche anthropologique et le film documentaire sont « fabriqués » ..

Les pratiques alimentaires des “élites” malgaches installées en France

À Madagascar, les classes aisées mangent “français”. Signe de bon goût, la consommation des plats hérités de l’époque coloniale est un élément distinctif vis-à-vis du reste de la population dont l’alimentation est basée sur le riz. Depuis la France, où le manger sain est en plein essor, ces mêmes “élites” ont pourtant tendance aujourd’hui à valoriser la cuisine malgache comme support symbolique de leur identité. À travers ce va-et-vient se dévoile tout le jeu des représentations de soi qui déterminent les pratiques culinaires

Manger au temps du Covid: ethnographies urbaine et rurale auprès de personnes migrantes et immigrantes, minorisées, dans le Bordelais Eating during Covid-19: urban and rural ethnographies with minorized migrants and immigrant people in the Bordeaux region

This article is based on ethnographic work carried out in the area of Bordeaux within the frame of the European project Food2gather dealing with food and migration. We explore the food practices of people in situation of precariousness, mostly exiles, migrants, undocumented workers, settling in the Bordeaux area, not as a “social and cultural isolate” [Abélès 1996; Althabe 1985], but as part of the global foodscape [Dolphijn 2004; Watson 2013]. This concept enables us to examine the multifarious dimensions of food, from field to fork and beyond, as well as the economic, political, social and symbolic aspects involved. Through diversified and complementary fieldwork methods, both in urban and rural contexts, we investigate the mobilisations and solidarities deployed by militants and volunteers defending the cause of people in situation of migration and ethnic or social minorization. We unveil, through the prism of food, the social injustices, particularly during the Covid-19 crisis. By illustrating how agriculture, food, migration and solidarities are closely interrelated, we highlight how the various food itineraries provide information in terms of unequal rights, social (in)justice and unequal values conferred to lives and bodies

Manger au temps du Covid: ethnographies urbaine et rurale auprès de personnes migrantes et immigrantes, minorisées, dans le Bordelais Eating during Covid-19: urban and rural ethnographies with minorized migrants and immigrant people in the Bordeaux region

This article is based on ethnographic work carried out in the area of Bordeaux within the frame of the European project Food2gather dealing with food and migration. We explore the food practices of people in situation of precariousness, mostly exiles, migrants, undocumented workers, settling in the Bordeaux area, not as a “social and cultural isolate” [Abélès 1996; Althabe 1985], but as part of the global foodscape [Dolphijn 2004; Watson 2013]. This concept enables us to examine the multifarious dimensions of food, from field to fork and beyond, as well as the economic, political, social and symbolic aspects involved. Through diversified and complementary fieldwork methods, both in urban and rural contexts, we investigate the mobilisations and solidarities deployed by militants and volunteers defending the cause of people in situation of migration and ethnic or social minorization. We unveil, through the prism of food, the social injustices, particularly during the Covid-19 crisis. By illustrating how agriculture, food, migration and solidarities are closely interrelated, we highlight how the various food itineraries provide information in terms of unequal rights, social (in)justice and unequal values conferred to lives and bodies

FOOD2GATHER: What is migrants’ food all about in Europe? A media discourse analysis through the lens of controversies

This report is part of the HERANET funded project FOOD2GATHER. The project aims at understanding the question of integration/exclusion of migrants through foodscapes. An important step in this direction is to analyse the contextual framework within which food-related practices, norms and values are embedded in European societies. Food controversies that have raised and have been reported in the media since the “2015 migrants’ crisis” across Europe can reveal important aspects related to such norms and values and indicate possible tensions and compromises. This report presents and discusses relevant food controversies that occurred in the six countries participating in the study (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, and the Netherlands). This will generate a contextual overview of the integration/exclusion of migrants through foodscapes. Controversy has been used as a tool and a scanner. Each of the six FOOD2GATHER teams provided two relevant controversies that have reached media attention in the last ten years. One of the two had to be related to halal food. The analysis of the controversies has been conducted by identifying issues they tackled, agents they involved, (public) spaces and situations in which controversies took place and what they produced. A comparative analysis of relevant variables related to migrations, such as the geopolitical position of the countries, organization of reception and food provision, has been conducted as well. The six countries included in the study have different traditions related to migration and have been exposed to the “migrants’ crisis” in different ways. These differences are reflected in the proposed controversies. However, some common traits tend to emerge and reveal power relationships within societies that are different or shared by the countries involved in the project. We show that these power relationships particularly deal with the right to food, citizens’ commitment, identity, the place of religion, animal welfare and political issues. Our study indicates that analysing controversies adds an important dimension to the study of foodscapes. Food controversies that reach the media attention are seldom something migrants have brought up themselves. The migrants’ representation in the media based on food controversies indicated that migrants are given little opportunity to negotiating values and practices, as norms about “the right” quantity and quality of food tend to reproduce the food model of the country they migrate to, also when there is a “positive” focus on ethnic business. To better understand these dynamics, we propose the concept of “food encounters” and illustrate how the type of food encounters can play a role in how foodscapes could evolve or even emerge.Consumption Research Norway (SIFO), OsloMe

18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosing infectious complications in patients with severe neutropenia after intensive chemotherapy for haematological malignancy or stem cell transplantation

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: Between 30 and 50% of febrile neutropenic episodes are accounted for by infection. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific parameter for infection and inflammation but might be employed as a trigger for diagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT can be used to detect inflammatory foci in neutropenic patients with elevated CRP and whether it helps to direct treatment. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients with neutropenia as a result of intensive chemotherapy for haematological malignancies or myeloablative therapy for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation were prospectively included. (18)F-FDG PET/CT was added to the regular diagnostic workup once the CRP level rose above 50 mg/l. RESULTS: Pathological FDG uptake was found in 26 of 28 cases despite peripheral neutrophil counts less than 0.1 x 10(-9)/l in 26 patients: in the digestive tract in 18 cases, around the tract of the central venous catheter (CVC) in 9 and in the lungs in 7 cases. FDG uptake in the CVC tract was associated with coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteraemia (p < 0.001) and deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.002). The number of patients having Streptococcus mitis bacteraemia appeared to be higher in patients with grade 3 oesophageal FDG uptake (p = 0.08). Pulmonary FDG uptake was associated with the presence of invasive fungal disease (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET/CT scanning during chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia and increased CRP is able to detect localized foci of infection and inflammation despite the absence of circulating neutrophils. Besides its potential role in detecting CVC-related infection during febrile neutropenia, the high negative predictive value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT is important for avoiding unnecessary diagnostic tests and therapy.1 januari 201