50 research outputs found
United States budgetary costs of Post-9/11 wars through FY2018
Originally published on the Watson Institute's Costs of War Project website: http://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/2017/USBudgetaryCostsFY2018The costs to the United States of post-9/11 wars will total more than 23,386 on these wars since 2001. âThe U.S. wars in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the increased spending on homeland security and the departments of defense, state and veterans affairs since the 9/11 attacks have cost more than 5.6 trillion.
Afghanistans Rising Civilian Death Toll Due to Airstrikes, 2017-2020
When the United States tightens its rules of engagement and restricts air strikes where civilians are at risk, civilian casualties tend to go down; when it loosens those restrictions, civilians are injured and killed in greater numbers. In 2017 the Pentagon relaxed its rules of engagement for airstrikes and escalated the air war in Afghanistan. The aim was to gain leverage at the bargaining table. From 2017 through 2019, civilian deaths due to U.S.and allied forces' airstrikes in Afghanistan dramatically increased
A New Survey for Giant Arcs
We report on the first results of an imaging survey to detect strong
gravitational lensing targeting the richest clusters selected from the
photometric data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with follow-up deep
imaging observations from the Wisconsin Indiana Yale NOAO (WIYN) 3.5m telescope
and the University of Hawaii 88-inch telescope (UH88). The clusters are
selected from an area of 8000 deg^2 using the Red Cluster Sequence technique
and span the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.6, corresponding to a comoving
cosmological volume of ~ 2 Gpc^3. Our imaging survey thus targets a volume more
than an order of magnitude larger than any previous search. A total of 240
clusters were imaged of which 141 had sub-arcsecond image quality. Our survey
has uncovered16 new lensing clusters with definite giant arcs, an additional 12
systems for which the lensing interpretation is very likely, and 9 possible
lenses which contain shorter arclets or candidate arcs which are less certain
and will require further observations to confirm their lensing origin. The
number of new cluster lenses detected in this survey is likely > 30. Among
these new systems are several of the most dramatic examples of strong
gravitational lensing ever discovered with multiple bright arcs at large
angular separation. These will likely become 'poster-child' gravitational
lenses similar to Abell 1689 and CL0024+1654. The new lenses discovered in this
survey will enable future sysetmatic studies of the statistics of strong
lensing and its implications for cosmology and our structure formation
paradigm.Comment: 19 pages, 7 pages of Figures, submitted to AJ. Fixed Typo
Argument and Change in World Politics: ethis, decolonization, and humanitarian intervention
Principia Leviathan
The moral duties of the United States in Iraq cannot be separated from the larger question of the security requirements of the United States and its larger moral duties as the worldâs preeminent military and economic power. Moreover, even after the United States leaves Iraq these questions will not disap- pear, not least because it may find itself occupying more states in its war on ter- ror and against rogue states