INTSORMIL 2002 Annual Report

The global community confronts an enonnous task of stimulating economic growth in rural areas where 75% of the very poor (90% in Africa) currently live and ensuring the nutritional security of a world popUlation that is growing in size and evolving in consumption patterns without intensifying environmental degradation, social security, or adverse consequences for human health. This challenge is not only great but it is also urgent. Today, access to food, sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, is the primary problem for nearly 800 million chronically undernourished people. Unless we act now, the next few decades will almost certainly find us unable to produce agricultural products sufficient to meet the demands of growing populations and changing diets. The majority of poor live in rural areas in developing countries and agricultural and food systems development is vital to economic growth; improving environmental quality; strengthening nutrition, health and child survival; improving the status of women; and promoting democratization. Over the next 50 years, the global population will increase to 8-10 billion, requiring advances in scientific knowledge across a broad range of agricultural endeavors, i.e., developing more productive food and commodity cultivars, improving nutritional quality of crop and livestock products, reducing food and commodity yield losses due to pests and diseases, ensuring healthy livestock, developing sustainable and responsible fisheries and aquaculture practices, optimizing the use of forests, managing water more efficiently, protecting and improving land productivity, and conserving and managing genetic diversity

INTSORMIL 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

The 2004 INTSORMIL Annual Report presents the progress and notable achievements by the SorghumlMillet CRSP during the period of July 1, 2003 - June 30, 2004. These results are an outcome of partnerships between scientists at six U.S. Land Grant Universities (Kansas State University, Mississippi State University, University of Nebraska, Purdue University, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University) and scientists of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Tifton, Georgia and National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and National Universities in nineteen countries in Central America, West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. Agricultural research provides benefits not only to producers of agricultural products but also to processors and consumers of agricultural products. Agricultural research has proven itself continuously as providing improvements which yield products of greater quantity and quality, as well as improved health to consumers and broad-based economic growth which goes beyond producers and consumers

INTSORMIL 2000 Annual Report

Presently, worldwide, more than 800 million people are hungry and over I billion are desperately poor, and food demand is increasing rapidly. The majority of poor live in rural areas in developing countries and agricultural and food systems development is vital to economic growth; improving environmental quality; strengthening nutrition, health and child survival; improving the status of women; and promoting democratization. It is estimated that by 2000, the number of people living in developing countries will grow from 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion people. More than 1.3 billion people today live on less than one dollar per day. It is estimated that the number of hungry people will exceed one billion by 2020. The global population of underweight children below age five is expected to increase from 193 million in year 2000 to over 200 million in year 2020. Increased production of cereals, which are crucial sources of food energy and other nutrients, is necessary to reduce world hunger. Sorghum and millet are two major cereal grains, particularly in semi-arid regions of the world. In 1999,65.8 million metric tons (MT) of sorghum were produced worldwide, of which 19.7 million MT were produced in Africa, mainly for direct consumption by humans, and 14.7 million MT were produced in the United States, mainlyfor livestock feed to produce meat for human consumption. In the crop year 1997-1998, the United States exported 5.3 million MT of grain sorghum mainly for livestock feed, and in 1998, U.S. grain sorghum exports were worth $531 million. Large areas are planted to sorghum each year. For example, in 1999 sorghum was produced on 44.8 million hectares (ha, or 173,036 square miles, [sq mi]) worldwide, 23 million ha (88,728 sq mi) in Africa, and 3.4 million ha (13,278 sq mi) in the United States. About 500 million people worldwide depend upon sorghum for food, and most of these people are in developing countries where droughts and famine are common occurrences. Clearly, sorghum production and utilization as food and feed are vitally important to developing countries and to the United States

INTSORMIL 2003 ANNUAL REPORT

From 1980 to 1999, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the number of food-insecure people in developing countries fell from 920 million to about 800 million, yet in 2003, the International Food Policy Research Institute declared that without significant changes in policies, public investments, and institutions, we simply will not achieve the 1996 World Food Summit goal-reaffirmed at the 2000 Millennium Summit and again last year at the World Food Summit: five years later of reducing the number of our fellow human beings who are food insecure by at least half by no later than 2015. FAO indicates that the number has been decreasing by barely 2.5 million per year over the last eight years. At that rate, we will reach these goals one hundred years late, in 2115. Increased production of cereals, which are crucial sources of food energy and other nutrients, is necessary to reduce world hunger. According to Entering the 21st Century-World Development Report 1999/2000, about 900 million people in almost 100 countries are affected by drought and desertification, and by 2025, that number will double. The population of the world has doubled since 1940, but fresh water use has increased fourfold. Water scarcity is becoming more widespread, with concomitant effects on regional peace and global food security. Nearly all of the 3 billion increase in global population which is expected by 2025 will be in developing countries where water is already scarce. To meet the increasing demand for food in those countries, there is an increasing demand for more efficient production and new ways of utilizing drought-tolerant crops which have a competitive advantage to produce food under conditions of unpredictable and scarce rainfall. As water becomes more precious in the United States, cereals which can produce energy for feed and fuel in drought-prone areas of the country are demonstrating increasingly competitive advantages

INTSORMIL 2001 Annual Report

Presently, worldwide, more than 800 million people are hungry and over one billion are desperately poor, and food demand is increasing rapidly. The majority of poor live in rural areas in developing countries and agricultural and food systems development is vital to economic growth; improving environmental quality; strengthening nutrition, health and child survival; improving the status of women; and promoting democratization. It is estimated that, between 1980 and 2030, the population ofow- and middle-income countries will more than double-to seven billion, compared with one billion for high-income countries. In the next 35 years, 2.5 billion people will be added to the current population of 6 billion. More than 1.3 billion people today live on less than one dollar per day, and it is estimated that the number of hungry people will exceed one billion by 2020. The global population of underweight children below age five is expected to increase from 193 million in Year 2000 to over 200 million in Year 2020. Increased production of cereals, which are crucial sources of food energy and other nutrients, is necessary to reduce world hunger. According to Entering the 21st Century-World Development Report 1999-2000, about 900 million people in almost 100 countries are affected by drought and desertification, and by 2025, that number will double. The population of the world has doubled since 1940, but fresh water use has increased fourfold. Water scarcity is becoming more widespread, with concomitant effects on regional peace and global food security. Nearly all of the three billion increase in global population which is expected by 2025 will be in developing countries where water is already scarce. To meet the increasing demand for food in those countries, there is an increasing demand for more efficient production and new ways of utilizing drought-tolerant crops which have a competitive advantage to produce food under conditions of unpredictable and scarce rainfall. As water becomes more precious in the United States, cereals which can produce energy for feed and fuel in drought-prone areas of the country are demonstrating increasingly competitive advantages

INTSORMIL 2000 Annual Report

Presently, worldwide, more than 800 million people are hungry and over I billion are desperately poor, and food demand is increasing rapidly. The majority of poor live in rural areas in developing countries and agricultural and food systems development is vital to economic growth; improving environmental quality; strengthening nutrition, health and child survival; improving the status of women; and promoting democratization. It is estimated that by 2000, the number of people living in developing countries will grow from 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion people. More than 1.3 billion people today live on less than one dollar per day. It is estimated that the number of hungry people will exceed one billion by 2020. The global population of underweight children below age five is expected to increase from 193 million in year 2000 to over 200 million in year 2020. Increased production of cereals, which are crucial sources of food energy and other nutrients, is necessary to reduce world hunger. Sorghum and millet are two major cereal grains, particularly in semi-arid regions of the world. In 1999,65.8 million metric tons (MT) of sorghum were produced worldwide, of which 19.7 million MT were produced in Africa, mainly for direct consumption by humans, and 14.7 million MT were produced in the United States, mainlyfor livestock feed to produce meat for human consumption. In the crop year 1997-1998, the United States exported 5.3 million MT of grain sorghum mainly for livestock feed, and in 1998, U.S. grain sorghum exports were worth $531 million. Large areas are planted to sorghum each year. For example, in 1999 sorghum was produced on 44.8 million hectares (ha, or 173,036 square miles, [sq mi]) worldwide, 23 million ha (88,728 sq mi) in Africa, and 3.4 million ha (13,278 sq mi) in the United States. About 500 million people worldwide depend upon sorghum for food, and most of these people are in developing countries where droughts and famine are common occurrences. Clearly, sorghum production and utilization as food and feed are vitally important to developing countries and to the United States

INTSORMIL 1999 Annual Report

Presently, worldwide, more than 800 million people do not get enough to eat or have access to a balanced diet to be healthy. At the World Food Summit in 1996, the United States of America (USA) and 185 other countries pledged to reduce the number of malnourished people by one half by 2015. It is shocking that about 33% of preschool children in developing countries will be stunted due to malnutrition by the year 2000. The number of stunted children in Africa alone has increased significantly from 35 million in 1980 to 45 million in 1995 and is predicted to reach 49 million in 2005. Increased production of cereals, which are crucial sources of food energy and other nutrients, is necessary to reduce world hunger. Sorghum and millet are two major cereal grains, particularly in semi-arid regions. In 1999, 65.8 million tons ofsorghum were produced worldwide, of which 19.7 million tons were produced in Africa, mainly for direct consumption by humans, and 14.7 million tons were produced in the USA, mainly for livestock feed to produce meat for human consumption. In the crop year 1997-1998, the USA exported 5.3 million tons of grain sorghum mainly for livestock feed, and in 1998, U.S. grain sorghum exports were worth $531 million. Large areas are planted to sorghum each year. For example, in 1999, sorghum was produced on 44.8 million hectares (ha, or 173,036 square miles, [sq miD worldwide, 23 million ha (88,728 sq mi) in Africa, and 3.4 million ha (13,278 sqmi) in the USA. About 500 million people worldwide depend upon sorghum for food, and most of these people are in developing countries where droughts and famine are common occurrences. Clearly, sorghum production and its utilization as food and feed are vitally important to developing countries and to the USA

Partitioning into Maize Grain N Fractions of N Absorbed Through the Roots Before and After Pollination

The abundance of N in various fractions in maize (Zea mays L.) grain was compared in two genotypes, a normal hybrid (Pioneer 3369A) and its opnque-2 (0-2) counterpart (L3369). Plants were grown in the greenhouse in sand cultures irrigated daily with nutrient solutions containing 3.75 mM N as NO, ion. At anthesis the plant cultures were divided into sets, one set continuing to be irrigated with the same solution, but with 15N added, and the other set irrigated with a solution of the same composition except that the N was omitted. The plants were sampled at 12, 24 and 36 days after pollination. Post-anthesis N nutrition affected the composition of the vegetative growth but had no effect during the sampling period on yields or amounts of N in the grain. At 12 days post-pollination there were no differences between the two genotypes in N partitioning, with about 50% of the N present as nonprotein N (NPN). At 24 and 36 days over 75% more N was present as zein in the normal genotype as in the 0-2, while the latter contained a much higher proportion of N as NPN. The albumin-globulin and glutelin fractions were slightly greater in the 0-2. The N absorbed after pollination was partitioned among the grain protein fractions similarly to N absorbed prior to pollination. The nature of the NPN fraction needs to be considered in evaluating effects on crop quality of an elevated N supply

Effect of Catheter Ablation on Progression of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90181/1/j.1540-8167.2011.02137.x.pd

Utility of Atrial and Ventricular Cycle Length Variability in Determining the Mechanism of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72411/1/j.1540-8167.2007.00860.x.pd