Influência da terapia manual nas disfunções da articulação temporomandibular: uma revisão bibliográfica

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: analisar diferentes protocolos sobre a influência da terapia manual nas disfunções da articulação temporomandibular. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados PEDro, PubMed e EBSCO para identificar estudos randomizados controlados que avaliassem a influência da terapia manual nas disfunções da articulação temporomandibular. Resultados: Foram incluídos 9 estudos num total de 458 indivíduos. A mobilização acessória na mandíbula, a informação e instrução dos pacientes, as técnicas de inibição quando associadas ao exercício, bem como os exercícios de relaxamento e alongamento demonstraram resultados positivos na intervenção fisioterapêutica, ao contrário das técnicas de indução miofascial. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram eficácia em quase todas as técnicas aplicadas, embora algumas quando associadas a outras. A heterogeneidade dos estudos, dos protocolos de tratamento e da sua aplicação não permite concluir o tempo ideal de tratamento bem como os efeitos a longo prazo.Objective: to analyze different protocols on the influence of manual therapy on temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Methodology: A computerized research was performed in the databases PEDro, PubMed and EBSCO, to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the influence of manual therapy on temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Results: 9 studies were included in a total of 458 individuals. The nonspecific mandibular mobilization, the information and instruction of the patients, the inhibition techniques when associated to the exercise, as well as the relaxation and stretching exercises demonstrated positive results in the physiotherapeutic intervention, except myofascial induction techniques. Conclusions: The results show efficacy in almost all applied techniques, although some when associated with others. The heterogeneity of the studies, the treatment protocols and their application does not allow to conclude the optimal treatment time as well as the long-term effects.N/

Magnetic resonance and sonographic imagings of masticatory muscle myalgia in temporomandibular disorder patients

SummaryThis article reviews recently published studies investigating the MRI and sonographic diagnosis of masticatory muscle myalgia in temporomandibular disorder patients. The MRI and sonographic features of muscle after treatment are also discussed. Literature published within the last 15 years was obtained from the PubMed database using the following Mesh terms: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or sonography, masticatory muscle pain, and treatment. MRI and sonography enable accurate visualization and evaluation of the masticatory muscles, thereby increasing our understanding of pathology and cause of pain associated with these muscles. Although therapeutic efficacy is often evaluated based on clinical findings, MR and sonographic imaging studies may also be valuable

In vitro permeation of progesterone from a gel through the shed skin of three different snake species

The in vitro diffusion of progesterone from a gel formulation using the European Pharmacopoeia method for transdermal dosage forms is described. The membranes used were the dorsal and ventral portions of the shed skin of three different species of snake. Considerable differences are apparent between the dorsal and ventral sites and between the different species of snake. The dorsal area shows better permeability for progesterone and the permeability order for the different species is python>cobra>viper. These differences may be due to the thickness of the skin and the hinge:scale ratio. The results indicate that shed snake skin is not a model membrane for human skin

The socio-spatial development of Jaffa-Tel-Aviv: The emergence and fade-away of ethnic divisions and distinctions

This paper examines how a cognitive boundary with no physical presence has affected life in the cities of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, not only during its time of existence (1921-1950) but many decades after it was erased from all official documents. In 1921, the national aspirations of Jews in Jaffa, embraced by the local British Mandate government, triggered a segregation process that resulted in an official administrative split of Jaffa’s urban area and the creation of the “Hebrew” city of Tel Aviv on Jaffa’s northern parts. This administrative division had a clear ethnic character, dividing the entire urban fabric into a clearly defined “Jewish” and “Arab” geographical entities and influencing the development of the two municipalities as well as the daily life of their populations. After the 1948 War in Palestine, which led to the flight of almost all of Jaffa’s Arab population and the annexation its area to Tel Aviv, the united city continued to resemble a split city, with the former areas of Jaffa remaining relatively underdeveloped and neglected for decades. By combining spatial analysis and historical research, this study reveals how the “paper boundary” that was drawn between Jaffa and Tel Aviv in 1921 transformed the life of Arabs and Jews in the two cities in a way that undermined the physical unity of the urban fabric and the spatial potential of its street network. The creation of the municipal border led to the cognitive marginalization of the spatially central Manshiya neighbourhood, and later to its deterioration and eventual destruction. Ironically, the destruction of Manshiya gave a belated physical expression to the historic cognitive separation between the centres of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, working against the wish to unite the two cities into a single urban entity after 1948

Equity for Whom? Defining the Reach of Non-Literal Patent Infringement

The doctrine of equivalents began as a tool creating judicial flexibility to shield patent holders from piracy through minor variations on their inventions. Over time, two trends have transformed it from shield to sword. First, plaintiffs have persuaded courts to allow claims of infringement by equivalents even where there is no evidence of copying or other fraud. Second, as juries have decided more and more infringement cases, their sympathy for patent holders has had a greater impact on equivalents cases. Together, these trends have worked a gross distortion on the doctrine of equivalents. The doctrine should not be used to extend patent coverage, leaving the public unable to determine the exact scope of a patent\u27s claims. Instead, application of the doctrine should be limited to cases where fraud or other equitable factors justify departure from the patent\u27s terms. Further, decisions on infringement by equivalence should be made by judges in their equitable capacity, not by juries

Equity for Whom? Defining the Reach of Non-Literal Patent Infringement

The doctrine of equivalents began as a tool creating judicial flexibility to shield patent holders from piracy through minor variations on their inventions. Over time, two trends have transformed it from shield to sword. First, plaintiffs have persuaded courts to allow claims of infringement by equivalents even where there is no evidence of copying or other fraud. Second, as juries have decided more and more infringement cases, their sympathy for patent holders has had a greater impact on equivalents cases. Together, these trends have worked a gross distortion on the doctrine of equivalents. The doctrine should not be used to extend patent coverage, leaving the public unable to determine the exact scope of a patent\u27s claims. Instead, application of the doctrine should be limited to cases where fraud or other equitable factors justify departure from the patent\u27s terms. Further, decisions on infringement by equivalence should be made by judges in their equitable capacity, not by juries