Serum immunoglobulin G, M and A response to Cryptosporidium parvum in Cryptosporidium-HIV co-infected patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Cryptosporidium parvum</it>, the protozoan parasite, causes a significant enteric disease in immunocompromised hosts such as HIV patients. The present study was aimed to compare serum IgG, IgM and IgA responses to crude soluble antigen of <it>C. parvum </it>in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients co-infected with <it>Cryptosporidium </it>and to correlate the responses with symptomatology.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Cryptosporidium parvum </it>specific serum antibody (IgG, IgM and IgA) responses were assessed by ELISA in 11 HIV seropositive <it>Cryptosporidium </it>positive (Group I), 20 HIV seropositive <it>Cryptosporidium </it>negative (Group II), 10 HIV seronegative <it>Cryptosporidium </it>positive (Group III), 20 HIV seronegative <it>Cryptosporidium </it>negative healthy individuals (Group IV) and 25 patients with other parasitic diseases (Group V).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A positive IgG and IgA antibody response was observed in significantly higher number of <it>Cryptosporidium </it>infected individuals (Gp I and III) compared to <it>Cryptosporidium </it>un-infected individuals (Gp II, IV and V) irrespective of HIV/immune status. Sensitivity of IgG ELISA in our study was found to be higher as compared to IgM and IgA ELISA. The number of patients with positive IgG, IgM and IgA response was not significantly different in HIV seropositive <it>Cryptosporidium </it>positive patients with diarrhoea when compared to patients without diarrhoea and in patients with CD4 counts <200 when compared to patients with CD4 counts >200 cells/μl.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study showed specific serum IgG and IgA production in patients infected with <it>Cryptosporidium</it>, both HIV seropositive and seronegative as compared to uninfected subjects suggesting induction of <it>Cryptosporidium </it>specific humoral immune response in infected subjects. However, there was no difference in number of patients with positive response in HIV seropositive or seronegative groups indicating that HIV status may not be playing significant role in modulation of <it>Cryptosporidium </it>specific antibody responses. The number of patients with positive IgG, IgM and IgA response was not significantly different in patients with or without history of diarrhoea thereby indicating that <it>Cryptosporidium </it>specific antibody responses may not be necessarily associated with protection from symptomatology.</p

Principios y práctica de nuevos métodos diagnósticos en toxoplasmosis

Principio de la medición de la avidez en ELISA se basa en un principio idéntico al ELISA estándar variando solamente en que se comparan los resultados de 2 pozos de ELISA, el uno tratado clásicamente, y el otro tratado con un agente eluente que va disociar y eliminar los anticuerpos de baja afinidad. Para cada suero la incubación de la dilución a probar se realiza en 2 pozos recubiertos de antígeno y de BSA

Intérêt des marqueurs CD45 et CD14 dans l'immunophénotypage CD3/4/8 des patients séropositifs pour le VIH1

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Importance de la flore microbienne intestinale dans les pathologies humaines

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pharmacotherapy and passive exercise induce cortical reorganization independent of the order administered to spinalized rats

Following complete spinal cord injury (SCI), total sensorimotor paralysis occurs below the lesion site. Pharmacologic and rehabilitative treatments have been developed in attempts to restore locomotion following SCI, however the role of order of therapy administration has been largely neglected. We investigated the role of order of therapy administration in adult spinally transected rats on both open field locomotor performance and sensorimotor cortical reorganization using acute, multiple, single-neuron mapping techniques.Our hypothesis was that the interventions acted synergistically so that animals receiving the high dose of drug prior to exercise would have the highest proportion of responding cells and BBB scores based on previous results from our laboratory. Thus, adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to mid-thoracic (T9) spinal transection and then randomly placed into one of five therapy groups for an 8-week combination therapy regimen. Four of these groups received experimental combination pharmacotherapy and passive exercise in varied order, while the injured control group received sham treatments. Locomotor recovery was assessed at three points during the therapy regimen using the BBB locomotor rating scale representing the initial phase of recovery off-drug, the final phase of recovery on-drug and the final phase of recovery off-drug. Following the conclusion of the 8-week therapy regimen, the animals were anesthetized and cortical organization was assessed by quantifying the proportion of cells in the hindlimb rrepresentation of the somatosensory cortex that responded to tactile stimulation of the forelimbs.In accordance to previous results from our laboratory, BBB scores improved throughout the therapy regimen. However contrary to what we expected, there were no differences amongst the five therapy groups in terms of BBB scores for the final on-drug or the final off-drug tests. Additionally, there were overall differences in the proportion of responding cells across the five groups, but there were no differences in the proportion of responding cells between animals that received bike first versus drug first, or those that received the high dose versus low dose. As expected, each experimental group had a higher proportion of responding cells than did the control group. Finally, the extent of recovery was positively associated with cortical plasticity, matching our expectations. These data suggest that pharmacotherapy and passive exercise appear to have additive, independent effects on cortical reorganization following complete SCI, regardless of their order of administration.M.S., Biomedical Engineering -- Drexel University, 201