Editorial: Feminism, women’s movements and women in movement

Introduction to Special Issue that engages with the increasingly important, separate yet interrelated themes of feminism, women’s movements and women in movement in the context of global neoliberalism

She Left the Web, She Left the Loom : The Extent of Agency in The Lady of Shalott

Alfred, Lord Tennyson began writing The Lady of Shalott in a time of tremendous social and political change for England. Ten years after it was written, in 1842, a new, heavily-revised version of the poem was published. The Lady\u27s agency (or lack of it) within the two versions of the poem fluctuates; in parts of the 1842 poem, she gains more control over herself, only to lose some of the agency she possessed in the 1832 poem. This paper shows that even after his major editing, Tennyson\u27s depiction of the Lady, while exhibiting some signs of power, perpetuates the lack of agency she possessed in the original poem; this idea is exhibited in the elements that Tennyson added to the original myth (the curse, the images of the mirror and the loom, the change in the Lady\u27s family, and the Lady\u27s use of song), as well as the figure of Lancelot

The Perception and Employability of Dental Hygienists with Visible Tattoos

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if the presence of visible tattoos could hinder employment for dental hygienists. Methods: 1,800 electronic surveys were distributed to licensed dentists in the state of Virginia. Surveys were arbitrarily assigned according to subject\u27s birth month. Participants were shown a photograph of a dental hygienist with one of the three conditions: 1) no tattoo, 2) small tattoo, or 3) large sleeve tattoo. Respondents were asked to score the image based on five categories: ethical, responsible, competent, hygienic and professional, using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Employability was scored based on how well the clinician fit the image of their practice, the receptiveness of their patients, and the likelihood of employment. Results: A response rate of 14% (n=226) was attained; 183 (11%) of the respondents qualified and completed the survey. Eighty percent of the respondents were male and 76% were general dentists. The majority of the respondents (80%) indicated that tattoos should be covered in the workplace; 18% were indifferent; and 2% indicated that tattoos should not be covered. Data revealed the dental hygienist with the visible large sleeve tattoo ranked the lowest in all categories. Results from ANOVA and step-down tests suggest there was no statistically significant difference among the three tattoo conditions with regard to the image appearing ethical (F=0.266, p=0.767), responsible (F= 1.808, p=0.167) or competent (F=0.549, p=0.578). However, the image with the small and large visible tattoo was significantly lower than the image with no visible tattoos with regard to appearing hygienic (F=6.209,

Motivation within the Inclusive Art Classroom: A Phenomenology on Engaging Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of K-12 art teachers motivating students with emotional and behavioral disorders within the Central and Eastern Regions of the United States. The theory guiding this study is Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory which guides the understanding that students with emotional and behavioral disorders whose psychological well-being is supported by their art educators may develop higher motivation and reach their full creative potential. As this study was designed to describe the lived experiences of K-12 art educators who have enhanced motivation in students with emotional and behavioral disorders, the following central research question helped provide a structure for this study: What are the experiences of K-12 art educators motivating students with emotional and behavioral disorders within the art classroom? A total of 14 art educators ranging from charter, private, and public schools participated in this study. The settings for this study were in the Central and Eastern Regions of the United States and conducted via Zoom. Art educators were at home or in their art classrooms during the Zoom meetings. The data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews, journal prompts, and focus groups. This study used the process of phenomenological reduction and imagination variation, followed by a data synthesis to identify themes. From the analysis of the data collection, a total of five themes were developed: (a) art educator concerns, (b) gaining understanding through experience, (c) creating a safe environment, (d) building motivation, and (e) therapeutic art practices

Reflections on Reentry: A Qualitative Study of Cross-Cultural Reentry Experiences of International Cultural Exchange Students

This qualitative study explores the reentry experiences of eight J-1 cultural exchange scholars from Bangladesh, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, South Africa, and Pakistan. Participants had spent 10 months in the United States as part of a college program designed to promote diplomatic relationships with developing countries. The theoretical framework draws from three major categories in reentry literature: affective, cognitive, and behavioral adjustments. The findings show how changes in habits and behaviors, the expectations of self and others, and changes in worldviews impact perceptions of self and cultural belonging. Also, the findings include a case study of reentry trauma as a result of returning to gender and religious oppression. The discussion section explores how global systems of oppression and U.S. relations with developing nations exacerbate the challenges during participants’ reentry

Facilitating stroke care planning through simulation modelling.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term severe disability. A major difficulty facing stroke care provision in the UK is the lack of service integration between the many authorities, professionals and stakeholders involved in the process. The objective of this article is to describe a prototype model to support integrative planning for local stroke care services.The model maps the flow of care in the acute and community segments of the care pathway for stroke patients and allows exploring alternatives for care provision. Simulation modelling can help to develop an understanding of the systemic impact of service change and improve the design and targeting of future services

The effects of classic and variant infectious bursal disease viruses on lymphocyte populations in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a pathogen that primarily infects B lymphocytes in domestic avian species. This viral infection has been associated with immunosuppression, clinical disease/mortality, and enteric malabsorption effects. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of a classic (USDA-STC) and a new variant IBDV (RB-4, known to induce primarily the enteric disease) on immune cell populations in lymphoid organs. Seventeen-dayold specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens were either not infected (control) or inoculated with either USDA-STC or RB-4 IBD viral isolate. On days 3 and 5 post-inoculation (PI), lymphoid tissues were collected to prepare cell suspensions for immunofluorescent staining and cell population analysis by flow cytometry. Portions of the tissues were snap frozen for immunohistochemistry to localize various immune cells and IBD virus in the tissues. Tissue homogenates were prepared to test for IBDV by quantitative MTT assay. Both the USDA-STC and RB-4 viruses greatly altered lymphocyte populations in the spleen and bursa. At 5 d PI, bursal B cells were approximately 25% and 60% of lymphocytes in chicks infected with USDA-STC and RB-4, respectively, whereas in control birds, B cells constituted 99% of bursal lymphocytes. This reduction in the proportions of bursal B cells was associated with an infiltration of T cells. In the spleen, IBDV infection also reduced the percentage of B cells and increased the percentage of T cells. The differential effects of classic and variant IBDV infection on immune cell populations in lymphoid organs may explain the differences in clinical effects induced by these viruse

Effect of Nitric Oxide on Oxygen Consumption of Skeletal Muscle

Mammalian cells require a continuous and sufficient supply of oxygen to carry out their functions. The oxygen pathway has an overall direction taking O2 from the air to the mitochondria, which is a result of the mitochondrial O2 consumption (VO2) NO various effects on the mitochondria: at low concentrations for short periods NO specifically and irreversibly inhibits cytochrome c and reversibly inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, to decrease VO2. Thus, NO can modulate VO2 of skeletal muscle. The purpose of the present study was to measure VO2 of the rat spinotrapezius muscle under conditions of altered NO. The methods used provide a direct way to measure PO2 in the interstitium (PISFO2) and use it as indicator of local metabolic changes. Intravital microscopy and phosphorescence quenching were used to record PISFO2 in resting muscle for 120 s before, 60 s during, and 420 s after a period of tissue compression that abruptly halted perfusion. Control VO2 measurements were made, followed by those in which the spinotrapezius muscle had been treated by topical application of agents known to alter NO levels (L-NAME, C-PTIO, Sperm/NO). The compression was achieved by rapid inflation of a Saran film air bag, attached to a X20 objective lens, which pressed the muscle against the animal platform. The rapid pressure onset (0-120 mmHg in ISFO2, which started immediately after the airbag inflation, was used to calculate VO2 and was based on the assumption that the amount of blood in the tissue after compression was small. Control VO2 was 5.91 ± 0.2 ml O2 · kg-1 · min-1. Since the presence of RBCs sequestered in capillaries cannot be ruled out during compression, this value can be considered a lower limit for VO2 by resting muscle. Comparison of baseline and treatment measurements of VO2 showed no significant differences between them. This was unexpected based on in vitro studies and may reflect an impaired ability of the agents used to alter NO at the mitochondrial level

Time-Series Adaptive Estimation of Vaccination Uptake Using Web Search Queries

Estimating vaccination uptake is an integral part of ensuring public health. It was recently shown that vaccination uptake can be estimated automatically from web data, instead of slowly collected clinical records or population surveys. All prior work in this area assumes that features of vaccination uptake collected from the web are temporally regular. We present the first ever method to remove this assumption from vaccination uptake estimation: our method dynamically adapts to temporal fluctuations in time series web data used to estimate vaccination uptake. We show our method to outperform the state of the art compared to competitive baselines that use not only web data but also curated clinical data. This performance improvement is more pronounced for vaccines whose uptake has been irregular due to negative media attention (HPV-1 and HPV-2), problems in vaccine supply (DiTeKiPol), and targeted at children of 12 years old (whose vaccination is more irregular compared to younger children)