PATENT LICENSING BY MEANS OF AN AUCTION: INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL PATENTEE

An independent research laboratory owns a patented process innovation that can be licensed by means of an auction to two Cournot duopolists producing differentiated goods. For large innovations and close enough substitute goods the patentee auctions o¤ only one license, preventing the full diffusion of the innovation. For this range of parameters, however, if the laboratory merged with one of the firms in the industry, full technology diffusion would be implemented as the merged entity would always license the innovation to the rival firm. This explains that, in this context, a vertical merger is both profitable and welfare improving.Patent licensing, two-part tariff contracts, vertical mergers

Are the virial masses of clusters smaller than we think?

The constraints that the available X-ray spectral and imaging data place on the mass distribution and mass to light ratio of rich clusters are considered. It was found for the best determined cases that the mass to light ratio is less than 125 h sub 50 at radii exceeding 1 h sub 50 Mpc. The mass to light ratio is approximately constant at radii exceeding 1 h sub 50 Mpc but may rise to values of roughly 200 h sub 50 in the central regions. The fraction of the total mass that is in baryons, primarily the hot X-ray emitting gas, is roughly 30% thus setting the mass to light ratio of the dark material to roughly 70. The model that fits the X-ray data for Coma is in good agreement with the observed optical velocity dispersion vs. radius data

Use of hospital services by age and comorbidity after an index heart failure admission in England: an observational study

© Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.Objectives To describe hospital inpatient, emergency department (ED) and outpatient department (OPD) activity for patients in the year following their first emergency admission for heart failure (HF). To assess the proportion receiving specialist assessment within 2â €...weeks of hospital discharge, as now recommended by guidelines. Design Observational study of national administrative data. Setting All acute NHS hospitals in England. Participants 82â €...241 patients with an index emergency admission between April 2009 and March 2011 with a primary diagnosis of HF. Main outcome measures Cardiology OPD appointment within 2â €...weeks and within a year of discharge from the index admission; emergency department (ED) and inpatient use within a year. Results 15.1% died during the admission. Of the 69â €...848 survivors, 19.7% were readmitted within 30â €...days and half within a year, the majority for non-HF diagnoses. 6.7% returned to the ED within a week of discharge, of whom the majority (77.6%) were admitted. The two most common OPD specialties during the year were cardiology (24.7% of the total appointments) and anticoagulant services (12.5%). Although half of all patients had a cardiology appointment within a year, the proportion within the recommended 2â €...weeks of discharge was just 6.8% overall and varied by age, from 2.4% in those aged 90+ to 19.6% in those aged 18-45 (p<0.0001); appointments in other specialties made up only some of the shortfall. More comorbidity at any age was associated with higher rates of cardiology OPD follow-up. Conclusions Patients with HF are high users of hospital services. Postdischarge cardiology OPD follow-up rates fell well below current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines, particularly for the elderly and those with less comorbidity

A new multi-modal dataset for human affect analysis

In this paper we present a new multi-modal dataset of spontaneous three way human interactions. Participants were recorded in an unconstrained environment at various locations during a sequence of debates in a video conference, Skype style arrangement. An additional depth modality was introduced, which permitted the capture of 3D information in addition to the video and audio signals. The dataset consists of 16 participants and is subdivided into 6 unique sections. The dataset was manually annotated on a continuously scale across 5 different affective dimensions including arousal, valence, agreement, content and interest. The annotation was performed by three human annotators with the ensemble average calculated for use in the dataset. The corpus enables the analysis of human affect during conversations in a real life scenario. We first briefly reviewed the existing affect dataset and the methodologies related to affect dataset construction, then we detailed how our unique dataset was constructed

Detection of Massive Forming Galaxies at Redshifts Greater than One

The complex problem of when and how galaxies formed has not until recently been susceptible of direct attack. It has been known for some time that the excessive number of blue galaxies counted at faint magnitudes implies that a considerable fraction of the massive star formation in the universe occurred at z < 3, but, surprisingly, spectroscopic studies of galaxies down to a B magnitude of 24 found little sign of the expected high-z progenitors of current massive galaxies, but rather, in large part, small blue galaxies at modest redshifts z \sim 0.3. This unexpected population has diverted attention from the possibility that early massive star-forming galaxies might also be found in the faint blue excess. From KECK spectroscopic observations deep enough to encompass a large population of z > 1 field galaxies, we can now show directly that in fact these forming galaxies are present in substantial numbers at B \sim 24, and that the era from redshifts 1 to 2 was clearly a major period of galaxy formation. These z > 1 galaxies have very unusual morphologies as seen in deep HST WFPC2 images.Comment: 10 pages LaTeX + 5 PostScript figures in uuencoded gzipped tar file; aasms4.sty, flushrt.sty, overcite.sty (the two aastex4.0 and overcite.sty macros are available from xxx.lanl.gov) Also available (along with style files) via anonymous ftp to ftp://hubble.ifa.hawaii.edu/pub/preprints . E-print version of paper adds citation cross-references to other archived e-prints, where available. To appear in Nature October 19, 199

Conceptual Frameworks for Multimodal Social Signal Processing

This special issue is about a research area which is developing rapidly. Pentland gave it a name which has become widely used, ‘Social Signal Processing’ (SSP for short), and his phrase provides the title of a European project, SSPnet, which has a brief to consolidate the area. The challenge that Pentland highlighted was understanding the nonlinguistic signals that serve as the basis for “subconscious discussions between humans about relationships, resources, risks, and rewards”. He identified it as an area where computational research had made interesting progress, and could usefully make more

Evaluation of Overall Survival (OS) and Event-Free Survival (EFS) of paediatric sarcoma patients at a single institution

Aims: To evaluate OS and EFS of paediatric sarcoma patients with an interest in comparing metastatic cases with non-metastatic cases, and compiling statistics on treatment methods. Methods: Information was obtained from patient notes in the Schiehallion ward. These contained information about diagnosis, treatment, prognostic indicators, and outcomes for each patient. Results: 56 patients, 2001-2008. Osteosarcoma: 11 patients, 7♂, 4♀; age range: 4-16; = 10; OS = 64%, EFS = 55%; Primary site of disease: Femur (47%), Tibia (41%), Humerus (5.5%), Scapula (5.5%), Other (1%); Metastatic Rate = 27% (OS = 0%). Ewing’s sarcoma: 24 patients, 10♂, 14♀; age range: 1-16, = 12; OS = 71%, EFS = 58%; Primary site of disease: Pelvis (29%), Femur (22%), Paraspinal (16%), Chest Wall (10%), Tibia (10%), Other (13%); Metastatic Rate = 21% (OS = 40%; EFS = 40%); Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: 10 patients; OS= 80%, EFS = 60%; Metastatic Rate = 20% (OS = 100%; EFS = 100%). Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: 11 patients; OS = 73%, EFS = 73%; Metastatic Rate = 0%. Conclusions: Our results reflect access to an experienced and innovative paediatric sarcoma service with close links to a national Sarcoma MDT. The data falls in line with other studies in terms of age of onset, location of primary tumour, metastatic rate, site of metastases, and prognosis for all cancer types. Limb salvage surgery is greatly favoured over amputation for both osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. Females have a more favourable prognosis in osteosarcoma and a slightly poorer prognosis in Ewing’s sarcoma. Yorkhill’s overall survival rates are currently better than the UK-wide statistic for three of the four tumours examined.</p

The bar PANDA focussing-lightguide disc DIRC

bar PANDA will be a fixed target experiment internal to the HESR antiproton storage ring at the future FAIR complex. The ANDA detector requires excellent particle-identification capabilities in order to achieve its scientific potential. Cherenkov counters employing the DIRC principle were chosen as PID detectors for the Target Spectrometer. The proposed Focussing-Lightguide Disc DIRC will cover the forward part of the Target Spectrometer acceptance in the angular range between 5° and 22°. Its design includes a novel approach to mitigate dispersion effects in the solid radiator of a DIRC counter using optical elements. The dispersion correction will enable the Focussing-Lightguide Disc DIRC to provide pion-kaon identification for momenta well above 3.5 GeV/c

Galaxy Halo Masses from Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing

We present measurements of the extended dark halo profiles of bright early type galaxies at redshifts 0.1 to 0.9 obtained via galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis of images taken at the CFHT using the UH8K CCD mosaic camera. Six half degree fields were observed for a total of 2 hours each in I and V, resulting in catalogs containing ~20 000 galaxies per field. We used V-I color and I magnitude to select bright early type galaxies as the lens galaxies, yielding a sample of massive lenses with fairly well determined redshifts and absolute magnitudes M ~ M_* \pm 1. We paired these with faint galaxies lying at angular distances 20" to 60", corresponding to physical radii of 26 to 77 kpc (z = 0.1) and 105 to 315 kpc (z = 0.9), and computed the mean tangential shear of the faint galaxies. The shear falls off with radius roughly as expected for flat rotation curve halos. The shear values were weighted in proportion to the square root of the luminosity of the lens galaxy. Our results give a value for the average mean rotation velocity of an L_* galaxy halo at r~50-200 kpc of v_* = 238^{+27}_{-30} km per sec for a flat lambda (Omega_m0 = 0.3, Omega_l0 = 0.7) cosmology (v_* = 269^{+34}_{-39} km per sec for Einstein-de Sitter), and with little evidence for evolution with redshift. We compare to halo masses measured by other groups/techniques. We find a mass-to-light ratio of ~121\pm28h(r/100 kpc) and these halos constitute Omega ~0.04 \pm 0.01(r/100 kpc) of closure density. (abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (minor modifications) - 32 pages, 11 figs, 5 table