1,263 research outputs found
Radar plots: A novel modality for displaying disparate data on the efficacy of eluxadoline for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
BackgroundPatients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBSâD) experience a range of abdominal and bowel symptoms; successful management requires alleviation of this constellation of symptoms. Eluxadoline, a locally active mixed ÎŒâ and Îșâopioid receptor agonist and ÎŽâopioid receptor antagonist, is approved for the treatment of IBSâD in adults based on the results of 2 Phase 3 studies. Radar plots can facilitate comprehensive, visual evaluation of diverse but interrelated efficacy endpoints.MethodsTwo doubleâblind, placeboâcontrolled, Phase 3 trials (IBSâ3001 and IBSâ3002) randomized patients meeting Rome III criteria for IBSâD to twiceâdaily eluxadoline 75 or 100 mg or placebo. Radar plots were prepared showing pooled Weeks 1â26 response rates for the primary efficacy composite endpoint (simultaneous improvement in abdominal pain and stool consistency), stool consistency, abdominal pain, urgencyâfree days, and adequate relief, and change from baseline to Week 26 in IBSâD global symptom score, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, and daily number of bowel movements.Key ResultsThe studies enrolled 2428 patients. Eluxadoline increased Weeks 1â26 responder proportions vs placebo for the composite endpoint, stool consistency, abdominal pain, urgencyâfree days, and adequate relief. Changes from baseline to Week 26 in IBSâD global symptom score, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, and number of bowel movements were greater with eluxadoline vs placebo.Conclusions and InferencesData presentation in radar plot format facilitates interpretation across multiple domains, demonstrating that eluxadoline treatment led to improvements vs placebo across 13 endpoints representing the range of symptoms experienced by patients with IBSâD.Data presentation in radar plot format can facilitate evaluation of the diverse array of symptoms and outcomes that are relevant to a symptomâbased condition like irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBSâD). In 2 Phase 3 trials, eluxadoline treatment improved stool consistency and frequency, abdominal pain, bloating and discomfort, feelings of urgency, global symptom score, and adequate relief. Radar plots provide a visual demonstration of improvements with eluxadoline across 13 endpoints encompassing the diverse constellation of symptoms experienced by patients with IBSâD.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145265/1/nmo13331_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145265/2/nmo13331.pd
Tunneling into Current-Carrying Surface States of High T Superconductors
Theoretical results for the ab-plane tunneling conductance in the d-wave
model for high Tc superconductors are presented. The d-wave model predicts
surface bound states below the maximum gap. A sub-dominant order parameter,
stabilized by the surface, leads to a splitting of the zero-bias conductance
peak (ZBCP) in zero external field and to spontaneous surface currents. In a
magnetic field screening currents shift the quasiparticle bound state spectrum
and lead to a voltage splitting of the ZBCP that is linear in H at low fields,
and saturates at a pairbreaking critical field of order 3 Tesla. Comparisons
with recent experimental results on Cu/YBCO junctions are presented.Comment: 4 pages in a RevTex (3.0) file plus 3 Figures in PostScript. To
appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Local density of states for the corner geometry interface of d-wave superconductors, within the extended Hubbard model
The spatial variations of the order parameter, and the local density of
states (LDOS) on the corner of s-wave or -wave superconductors, as
well as in superconductor-insulator-normal metal interfaces, are calculated
self consistently using the Bogoliubov-deGennes formalism within the two
dimensional extended Hubbard model. The exact diagonalization method is used.
Due to the suppression of the dominant d-wave order parameter, the extended
s-wave order parameter is induced near the surface, that alternates its sign
for the topmost sites at adjacent edges of the lattice and decays to zero in
the bulk. The presence of surface roughness results into the appearance of the
zero band conduction peak (ZBCP) near the corner surface which lacks from the
predictions of the quasiclassical theory.Comment: 13 pages with 17 figure
Spontaneous flux in a d-wave superconductor with time-reversal-symmetry-broken pairing state at {110} boundaries
The induction of an s-wave component in a d-wave superconductor is
considered. Near the {110}-oriented edges of such a sample, the induced s-wave
order parameter together with d-wave component forms a complex combination
d+e^{i\phi} s, which breaks the time reversal symmetry (BTRS) of the pairing
state. As a result, the spontaneous current is created. We numerically study
the current distribution and the formation of the spontaneous flux induced by
the current. We show that the spontaneous flux formed from a number of defect
lines with {110} orientation has a measurable strength. This result may provide
a unambiguous way to check the existence of BTRS pairing state at
{110}-oriented boundaries.Comment: 4 pages, 2 ps-figures, content changed, references adde
The Effect of Major Mergers on Age and Metallicity Across the Fundamental Plane
Recent low-redshift observations have attempted to determine the star
formation histories of elliptical galaxies by tracking correlations between the
stellar population parameters (age and metallicity) and the structural
parameters that enter the fundamental plane (size and velocity dispersion).
These studies have found that velocity dispersion, rather than effective radius
or dynamical mass, is the main predictor of a galaxy's stellar age and
metallicity. In this work, we apply an analytic model that predicts the
structural properties of remnants formed in major mergers to progenitor disk
galaxies with properties taken from two different semi-analytic models. We
predict the effective radius, velocity dispersion, luminosity, age, and
metallicity of the merger remnants, enabling us to compare directly to
observations of early-type galaxies. While we find a tight correlation between
age and velocity dispersion, we find a stronger dependence of age and
metallicity on effective radius than observations report. The correlations
arise as a result of the dependence of gas fraction, age, and metallicity on
the stellar mass in the progenitor disk galaxies. These dependences induce a
rotation in the radius-velocity plane between the correlations with effective
radius and circular velocity in the disk galaxy progenitors, and the
correlations with effective radius and velocity dispersion in the elliptical
galaxy remnants. The differences between our results and those from
observations suggest that major mergers alone cannot produce the observed lack
of correlation between effective radius and stellar population parameters.
Simulations have suggested that subsequent minor mergers introduce scatter in
the effective radius while leaving the velocity dispersion essentially
unchanged. Incorporating such minor mergers into the model may, then, bring the
simulations into closer agreement with observations.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures. Submitted to MNRA
Subharmonic gap structure in d-wave superconductors
We present a self-consistent theory of current-voltage characteristics of
d-wave/d-wave contacts at arbitrary transparency. In particular, we address the
open problem of the observation of subharmonic gap structure (SGS) in cuprate
junctions. Our analysis shows that: (i) the SGS is possible in d-wave
superconductors, (ii) the existence of bound states within the gap results in
an even-odd effect in the SGS, (iii) elastic scattering mechanisms, like
impurities or surface roughness, may suppress the SGS, and (iv) in the presence
of a magnetic field the Doppler shift of the Andreev bound states leads to a
very peculiar splitting of the SGS, which is an unambiguous fingerprint of
d-wave superconductivity.Comment: Revtex4, 4 pages, 5 figure
A Quantitative Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology in a Set of Precisely Defined Tomato Introgression Lines
Observation of Bound Surface States in Grain Boundary Junctions of High Temperature Superconductors
We have performed a detailed study of the tunneling spectra of bicrystal
grain boundary junctions (GBJs) fabricated from the HTS YBCO, BSCCO, LSCO, and
NCCO. In all experiments the tunneling direction was along the CuO planes. With
the exception of NCCO, for all materials a pronounced zero bias conductance
peak was observed which decreases with increasing temperature and disappears at
the critical temperature. These results can be explained by the presence of a
dominating d-wave symmetry of the order parameter resulting in the formation of
zero energy Andreev bound states at surfaces and interfaces of HTS. The absence
of a ZBCP for NCCO is consistent with a dominating s-wave symmetry of the pair
potential in this material. The observed nonlinear shift of spectral weight to
finite energies by applying a magnetic field is in qualitative agreement with
recent theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
- âŠ