Symptomatic Mixed Cryoglobulinemia during HIV Primary Infection: A Case Report

We report a patient who developed during HIV primary infection a symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia. The patient suffered from arthralgias, vascular purpura of the legs, and proteinuria. Cryoglobulinemia progressively disappeared in several months after HAART

Field-Based Metabolomics of Vitis vinifera L. Stems Provides New Insights for Genotype Discrimination and Polyphenol Metabolism Structuring

Grape accumulates numerous polyphenols with abundant health benefit and organoleptic properties that in planta act as key components of the plant defense system against diseases. Considerable advances have been made in the chemical characterization of wine metabolites particularly volatile and polyphenolic compounds. However, the metabotyping (metabolite-phenotype characterization) of grape varieties, from polyphenolic-rich vineyard by-product is unprecedented. As this composition might result from the complex interaction between genotype, environment and viticultural practices, a field experiment was setting up with uniform pedo-climatic factors and viticultural practices of growing vines to favor the genetic determinism of polyphenol expression. As a result, UPLC-MS-based targeted metabolomic analyses of grape stems from 8 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars allowed the determination of 42 polyphenols related to phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins, and stilbenoids as resveratrol oligomers (degree of oligomerization 1–4). Using a partial least-square discriminant analysis approach, grape stem chemical profiles were discriminated according to their genotypic origin showing that polyphenol profile express a varietal signature. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering highlights various degree of polyphenol similarity between grape varieties that were in agreement with the genetic distance using clustering analyses of 22 microsatellite DNA markers. Metabolite correlation network suggested that several polyphenol subclasses were differently controlled. The present polyphenol metabotyping approach coupled to multivariate statistical analyses might assist grape selection programs to improve metabolites with both health-benefit potential and plant defense traits

Carbapenemase-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198, North Africa.

International audiencein the coding sequence. These mutations have previously been shown to result in increased azithromycin resistance due to induced expression of the MtrCDE efflux pump. 8 The genes erm(A), erm(B), erm(C) and erm(F), encoding rRNA methylases, and mef(A), encoding an efflux pump, were not present in these isolates. Molecular epidemiology analysis of the isolates was performed using the N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) method, 9 which assigns an ST based on a combination of the highly variable por and tbpB alleles. The isolates were assigned ST3102 and ST1866, which are almost identical and differ only by one SNP in por. Thus far, the high-level azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains that have been isolated in various countries belong to 16 different STs, of which ST649 isolates appear to be most widespread. 5 – 7 The por and tbpB alleles of these STs differ by a total of 33–92 SNPs from the por and tbpB alleles of the strains described in this study, except for the Australian ST10133 isolate, 7 which contains an identical tbpB allele (33) and a por allele (2573) that only differs by 16 and 17 SNPs from the por alleles of ST3102 and ST1866, respectively. Interestingly, it was reported that this isolate was most likely contracted in China or Hong Kong, which might explain its closer genetic relationship. How widespread high-level azithromycin-resistant strains are in China remains to be determined. Several years earlier, in 2009, two ST1866 strains were isolated from patients in the city of Nanjing, 10 which is located in a neighbouring province. These strains were reported to have an azithromycin MIC of .64 mg/L. It is not known whether these strains actually are directly related to the ST1866 isolate described in this study, but if they are related it would indicate that this high-level azithromycin-resistant ST might be spreading in China. Azithromycin susceptibility testing is currently not the standard in China. However, the identification of high-level azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates stresses the need for a more thorough overview of azithromycin susceptibility in China, particularly when ceftriaxone and azithromycin dual antimicrobial therapy is considered as a future first-line therapy. These high-level azithromycin-resistant isolates might have a major impact on the efficacy of this dual antimicrobial therapy

Vineyard evaluation of stilbenoid‐rich grape cane extracts against downy mildew: a large‐scale study

International audienceBACKGROUND:Plasmopara viticola control in organic viticulture requires copper-based fungicides with harmful effects on health and the environment. Plant extracts represent a biorational eco-friendly alternative to copper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of stilbenoid-rich grape cane extract (GCE) against downy mildew on three cultivars over 3 years following natural downy mildew infection.RESULTS:Over all field trials, GCE treatments showed an average reduction in disease incidence of -35% and -38% on leaves and clusters, respectively. The average reduction in disease severity was -35% and -43% on leaves and clusters, respectively. Under artificial downy mildew infection, GCE efficacy corresponded to 1 g L-1 of copper. Neither phytotoxicity nor adverse effects on auxiliary fauna were observed after treatment with GCE.CONCLUSION:Because few or no biocontrol agents are active alone against P. viticola, GCE is a promising alternative to copper-based fungicides. Grape canes, an abundant by-product of viticulture, have great potential for valorization as a biocontrol agent for sustainable viticulture

Biosynthetic Origin of <i>E</i>-Resveratrol Accumulation in Grape Canes during Postharvest Storage

Grape canes are vineyard waste products containing valuable phytochemicals of medicine and agriculture interest. Grape canes storage is critical for the accumulation of these bioactive compounds. In the present study, we investigated the changes in stilbenoid phytochemical composition during grape cane storage and the influence of the temperature on final concentrations. A strong increase in the concentration of the monomer E-resveratrol (approximately 40-fold) was observed during the first 6 weeks of storage at 20 °C in eight different grape varieties without any change in oligomer concentrations. The E-resveratrol accumulation was temperature-dependent with an optimal range at 15-20 °C. A 2 h heat-shock treatment aiming at protein denaturation inhibited E-resveratrol accumulation. The constitutive expression of key genes involved in the stilbene precursor biosynthesis along with an induction of stilbene synthase (STS) expression during the first weeks of storage contribute to a de novo biosynthesis of E-resveratrol in pruned wood grapes