Export structure and economic growth in a developing country: case of Cote d’Ivoire

The aim of this paper is to examine the interactions between export structure and economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire. To reach this goal, we used a modeling based on the ARDL Bounds test of Pesaran (2001). We arrive at the results on the export basket of Côte d'Ivoire and the index of diversification act negatively on the economic growth both in short and long term. But this diversification seems to be concentrated in some sectors. These results suggest a diversification in the export basket by including other sectors and also a structural transformation of the Ivorian economy

Export structure and economic growth in a developping country: case of Côte d'Ivoire

The aim of this paper is to examine the interactions between export structure and economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire. To reach this goal, we used a modeling based on the ARDL Bounds test of Pesaran (2001). We arrive at the results on the export basket of Côte d'Ivoire and the index of diversification act negatively on the economic growth both in short and long term. But this diversification seems to be concentrated in some sectors. These results suggest a diversification in the export basket by including other sectors and also a structural transformation of the Ivorian economy

African firms in global value chains: What can we learn from firm‐level data in Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire?

The paper offers a detailed review of African firms' participation to international value chains and provides new quantitative insights on two countries, Cameroon and Ivory Coast, based on a unique dataset, which was obtained by merging firm census and detailed customs transactions over time. “GVC firms” are defined as firms that both export and import, with positive production and labour. The paper characterises GVC firms in the two countries. GVC firms represent about 15% of manufacturing firms; they are more frequent than pure exporters, a sign of the challenges faced by firms in those countries if they want to sell abroad. In line with the literature on firm heterogeneity and trade, firms engaged in GVCs are larger, more productive and live longer than one‐way‐traders or domestic firms. African markets are the main destination of manufacturing GVCs in Ivory Coast, while Cameroon GVC firms rely on OECD (including for agricultural exports). There is limited cross‐penetration between African‐oriented and OECD‐oriented GVC firms over time. The probability of moving into a GVC is higher for exporters than for importers, showing that exporting is a stepping stone for African firms to join a GVC

BU-like infected lesions in roaming domesticated animals.

<p>The lesions are shown as captured before any treatment on infected animals. <b>A) MU infected lesion on the abdominal part of a 3 years old female goat</b>. This BU-like lesion (1.8 cm diameter) appears reddish with undermined borders, a well circumscribed ulceration and a necrotic base. <b>B) MU infected lesion on the nape area of the neck of a 20 months aged female dog</b>. The type 1 lesion (1.4 cm diameter) characteristic of BU appears reddish in the center and whitish at the borders. The borders of this well-circumscribed lesion remain undermined.</p

Location of the sampling sites in Western and Central Africa.

<p><b>A)</b> BU endemic locality of Sedje-Denou in Benin; <b>B)</b> BU endemic locality of Akonolinga in Cameroon.</p

Phylogenetic reconstruction of animal and human MU isolates and comparison with reference MU strains using MIRU1 orthologs.

<p>The evolutionary history was inferred using the UPGMA method in MEGA 6. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 1.459786 in shown. Bootstrapping values (1000 replicates) are shown in percentage next to the branches. MIRU1 reference orthologs (white triangle) were retrieved from GenBank with accession numbers given in the tree. Sequences of animal (black circle) and human (white diamond) MU isolates are clustered at the top of the tree.</p

Distribution of MU DNA targets in animal lesions according to animal species and BU locality in Benin.

<p>Distribution of MU DNA targets in animal lesions according to animal species and BU locality in Benin.</p