Modeling of a managed coastal Mediterranean wetland with TELEMAC-2D: the Vaccarès lagoons system (Rhone delta, Camargue, France)

Water Qualit

Modelling crisis management for improved action and preparedness (CRISMA): Modelling submersion on the Charente-Maritime coast

International audienceCRISMA is a Research and Development project financed by the European Community. Its objective is to develop a simulation-based decision support system, in different domains of the natural or industrial risk (flood, snowstorm, seism, forest fires, accidental pollution, urban accidents). The application in France, coordinated by ARTELIA Eau & Environnement, is devoted to the submersion risk on the Charente-Maritime coast and based on the experience feedback of the storm Xynthia in February, 2010. In this framework, a specific work is in progress through a thesis realized in collaboration between ARTELIA and lNRIA. Its objective is to elaborate a methodology of multi-model coupling which should be effective and applicable for the CRISMA project. These models may differ in several ways, related either to the physics and/or to the numeric concepts. The developed methodology may allow to taking into account more specific areas (urban zone, bridge in charge, …), but also should be able to simplify the simulation by dimension changes of model parts (for example, a 1D model for rivers, and a 2D one for sea). The present work addresses more specifically the problem of coupling models with different spatial dimensions

Coupling 3D Navier-Stokes and 1D shallow water models

International audienceThe present work addresses the problem of coupling hydrodynamical models with different spatial dimensions, which can be used in order to reduce the computational cost of river numerical models. We show that this problem can be tackled quite efficiently by designing a simple algorithm using techniques borrowed from domain decomposition theory. This algorithm is non intrusive, i.e. allows using existing numerical models with very few modifications. The method is illustrated on an academic test-case, namely a free surface flow in a bend-shaped channel. A 3-D Navier-Stokes model is coupled with a 1-D shallow water model, and results are compared to those obtained in a fully 3-D case. It is shown that the coupling algorithm provides an accurate solution, which can be improved thanks to an iterative algorithm (Schwarz method). This study is performed using the Mascaret-Telemac system

Coupling 3D Navier-Stokes and 1D shallow water models

International audienceThe present work addresses the problem of coupling hydrodynamical models with different spatial dimensions, which can be used in order to reduce the computational cost of river numerical models. We show that this problem can be tackled quite efficiently by designing a simple algorithm using techniques borrowed from domain decomposition theory. This algorithm is non intrusive, i.e. allows using existing numerical models with very few modifications. The method is illustrated on an academic test-case, namely a free surface flow in a bend-shaped channel. A 3-D Navier-Stokes model is coupled with a 1-D shallow water model, and results are compared to those obtained in a fully 3-D case. It is shown that the coupling algorithm provides an accurate solution, which can be improved thanks to an iterative algorithm (Schwarz method). This study is performed using the Mascaret-Telemac system

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

La gestion de la réserve nationale de Camargue : une synergie entre suivi scientifique et recherche

Coulet Eric. La gestion de la réserve nationale de Camargue : une synergie entre suivi scientifique et recherche . In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 59, n°1-2, 2004. p. 354

Justice et libertés. Débat avec Eric de Montgolfier, Procureur de la République

Montgolfier Eric de, Coulet Louise. Justice et libertés. Débat avec Eric de Montgolfier, Procureur de la République . In: Diplômées, n°193, 2000. 80ème anniversaire 1920-2000. pp. 113-114

Tsunami hazard assessment along the north shore of Hispaniola from far- and near-field Atlantic sources

Since the devastating earthquake of 2010 in Haiti, significant efforts have been devoted to estimating future seismic and tsunami hazard in Hispaniola. In 2013, following a workshop of experts, UNESCO commissioned an initial modeling study to assess tsunami hazard, essentially from seismic sources, along the North shore of Hispaniola (NSOH), which is shared by the Republic of Haiti (RH) and the Dominican Republic (DR). The scope of this study included detailed tsunami inundation mapping for two selected critical sites, Cap Haitien in RH and Puerto Plata in DR. Results of this effort are reported here, and, although still limited in scope, they are within the framework and contribute to the advancement of the UNESCO IOC Tsunami and other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (CARIBE EWS; von Hillebrandt-Andrade in Science 341:966–968, 2013). In similar work done for critical areas of the US east coast (under the auspice of the US National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program), the authors have modeled the most extreme far-field tsunami sources in the Atlantic Ocean basin, including: (1) a hypothetical Mw 9 seismic event in the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT); (2) a repeat of the historical 1755 Mw 9 earthquake in the Azores convergence zone (LSB); and (3) a hypothetical extreme 450km3 flank collapse of the Cumbre Vieja Volcano (CVV) in the Canary Archipelago. Here, tsunami hazard assessment is performed along the NSOH for these three sources, plus two additional near-field coseismic tsunami sources: (1) a Mw 8 earthquake in the western segments of the nearshore Septentrional fault (SF), as a repeat of the 1842 event; and (2) a Mw 8.7 earthquake occurring in selected segments of the North Hispaniola Thrust Fault (NHTF). Initial tsunami elevations are modeled based on each source’s parameters and propagated with FUNWAVE-TVD (a nonlinear and dispersive long-wave Boussinesq model) in a series of increasingly fine-resolution nested grids (from 1 arc-min to 205 m) using a one-way coupling methodology. For the two selected sites, coastal inundation is computed with TELEMAC (a Nonlinear Shallow Water wave model), in finer-resolution (12–30 m) unstructured nested grids. While for the EC, PRT is a far-field source, for RH and DR, this would be local source as some of the NSOH would be affected within 1 h or is within 200 km of the PRT. This is per definitions of UNESCO IOC. Regional goes from 200 to 1000 km and within 1 and 3 h, and distant is greater than 3 h and more than 1000 km. We find that among the far-field sources CVV causes the largest impact, with up to 20-m runup at the critical sites while PRT, which is a local source for the NSOH, only causes up to 4-m runup due to its directionality; PRT, however, has both a much shorter return period and would impact the NSOH within 30 min of the earthquake. Among near-field sources, the SF event, as could be expected from a strike-slip fault, only causes a small tsunami, but the NHTF event causes up to 12-m runup in the critical sites, with the tsunami arriving within minutes of the earthquake. Hence, the latter event can be considered as the “Probable Maximum Tsunami” (PMT; following, e.g., the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission terminology) for the NSOH. Results of detailed coastal modeling for this PMT can be used to develop maps of vulnerability for the critical sites and prepare for mitigating measures and evacuation; a few examples of such maps are given in the paper. Although a number of earlier studies have dealt with each of the far-field tsunami sources, the modeling of their impact on the NSOH and that of the near-field sources, presented here as part of a comprehensive tsunami hazard assessment study, are novel. Future work should model additional coastal sites and may consider effects of tsunamis generated by near-field submarine mass failures