57 research outputs found

    Genetic Overexpression of NR2B Subunit Enhances Social Recognition Memory for Different Strains and Species

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    The ability to learn and remember conspecifics is essential for the establishment and maintenance of social groups. Many animals, including humans, primates and rodents, depend on stable social relationships for survival. Social learning and social recognition have become emerging areas of interest for neuroscientists but are still not well understood. It has been established that several hormones play a role in the modulation of social recognition including estrogen, oxytocin and arginine vasopression. Relatively few studies have investigated how social recognition might be improved or enhanced. In this study, we investigate the role of the NMDA receptor in social recognition memory, specifically the consequences of altering the ratio of the NR2B∶NR2A subunits in the forebrain regions in social behavior. We produced transgenic mice in which the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor was overexpressed postnatally in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain areas including the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. We investigated the ability of both our transgenic animals and their wild-type littermate to learn and remember juvenile conspecifics using both 1-hr and 24-hr memory tests. Our experiments show that the wild-type animals and NR2B transgenic mice preformed similarly in the 1-hr test. However, transgenic mice showed better performances in 24-hr tests of recognizing animals of a different strain or animals of a different species. We conclude that NR2B overexpression in the forebrain enhances social recognition memory for different strains and animal species

    De l'influence de la religion sur la civilisation

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    Coudereau . De l'influence de la religion sur la civilisation. In: Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, II° Série. Tome 2, 1867. pp. 580-591

    Sur l'idée de Dieu chez les Chinois et les Japonais

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    Coudereau . Sur l'idée de Dieu chez les Chinois et les Japonais. In: Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, II° Série. Tome 1, 1866. pp. 667-671

    Sur un fƓtus dont la tĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©formĂ©e par compression intra utĂ©rine

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    Coudereau . Sur un fƓtus dont la tĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©formĂ©e par compression intra utĂ©rine. In: Bulletins de la SociĂ©tĂ© d'anthropologie de Paris, II° SĂ©rie. Tome 11, 1876. pp. 57-59

    Sur un cas de synostoses crùniennes observées chez un enfant de douze mois.

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    Coudereau . Sur un cas de synostoses crùniennes observées chez un enfant de douze mois.. In: Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, II° Série. Tome 12, 1877. pp. 611-614

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    Rapport sur une brochure de M. Benvenisti de Padoue.

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    Coudereau . Rapport sur une brochure de M. Benvenisti de Padoue.. In: Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, II° Série. Tome 8, 1873. pp. 231-232

    Functional characterization of a novel histone variant implicated in the senescence of human cells induced by persistent DNA damage, and its potential role as a stress biomarker during aging

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    La sĂ©nescence cellulaire est une rĂ©ponse Ă  un stress des cellules de mammifĂšres se caractĂ©risant entre autres par un arrĂȘt durable du cycle cellulaire, la production d’un sĂ©crĂ©tome particulier (SASP) et un remaniement de la chromatine. Celle-ci peut ĂȘtre dĂ©clenchĂ©e par des stress gĂ©notoxiques, l’activation d’oncogĂšnes ou un raccourcissement trop important des tĂ©lomĂšres. Des analyses en spectromĂ©trie de masse ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’accumulation d’un variant d’histone dans le cas de sĂ©nescence cellulaire induite par des dommages Ă  l’ADN. Ce variant, nommĂ© H2A.J, reprĂ©sente 1% de la quantitĂ© totale d’histones H2A mais atteint prĂšs de 20% en sĂ©nescence longue durĂ©e. Cette thĂšse se concentre sur l’étude de la fonction de cette protĂ©ine H2A.J qui semblerait impliquer dans l’activation transcriptionnelle du SASP. Afin d'Ă©tudier le rĂŽle de cette protĂ©ine, j'utilise des lignĂ©es stables de fibroblastes humains exprimant ou non un shARN ciblant le gĂšne de H2A.J et je cherche Ă  mettre en Ă©vidence des diffĂ©rences entre ces lignĂ©es. Du fait de son accumulation liĂ© Ă  l’activation des voies de rĂ©paration des dommages Ă  l’ADN, ce variant prĂ©sente un potentiel comme biomarqueur du vieillissement in vivo. A ce jour, aucun biomarqueur spĂ©cifique de cet Ă©tat n’a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©. Enfin, L’expression constitutive du gĂšne codant pour cette protĂ©ine suggĂšre une rĂ©gulation post-transcriptionnelle de sa dĂ©position. L’un des objectifs du projet est de mettre en Ă©vidence les voies de rĂ©gulation permettant l’accumulation dans la chromatine de H2A.J.In mammalian cells, cellular senescence has been defined as a stress response. It is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest, morphological transformation, a secretion of pro-inflammatory factors termed the SASP (senescence associated secretory phenotype) and the alteration of the chromatin structure. Originally, telomere loss or dysfunction was shown to trigger the onset of senescence. However, the senescence state can also result from inadequate culture conditions, oncogene induction or genotoxic stresses. Work in the lab focuses on mechanisms governing the onset and maintenance of senescence and on the search for new markers of senescence. We have recently identified chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulations during cellular senescence, such as post-translational modifications of histones and changes in the histone variants composition of nucleosomes. Mass spectrometry revealed the accumulation of a specific histone variant in DNA-damage induced senescence. This variant, H2A.J, makes up to 1% of the H2A histone content during proliferation, but reaches 20% of H2A species during deep senescence. The goal of my thesis work was to determine the function of this histone variant. We produced stable human fibroblast cell lines expressing shRNAs silencing the H2A.J gene. Microarray and RNA-sequencing analyses have shown that H2AJ-depleted fibroblasts have an altered transcriptome. In particular, such cells show a greatly delayed derepression in senescence of several SASP genes coding for some key cytokines and chemokines. This result indicates that accumulation of H2A.J in senescence is important for efficient expression of the SASP phenotype. Finally, the accumulation of senescent cells in aged tissues has often been inferred using surrogate markers (DNA damage, SA-B-Galactosidase, etc.). Our data suggest that H2AJ accumulation may be a novel in-vivo biomarker of aging for certain cell types

    Sur un essai de classification anatomo-physiologique des sons.

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    Coudereau . Sur un essai de classification anatomo-physiologique des sons.. In: Bulletins de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, II° Série. Tome 10, 1875. pp. 316-326
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