Estado nutricional de adolescentes segundo o índice de massa corporal

In the last decades, the obesity prevalence has increased in worldwide, and is necessary to be followed. The aim of the presented study was to analyze the efficiency of Brazilian body mass index cutoffs in the nutritional status indication. A sample of 1384 subjects was evaluated, with age ranging from 10 to 17 years old. Were assessed the body weight, stature (body mass index), and the triceps skinfold. For the male gender, the sensibility’s scores were 43.8% (overweight/obesity) and 5.6% (malnutrition). For the female gender, the sensibility’s scores were 31.4% (overweight/obesity) and 5.7% (malnutrition). The specificity’s scores were 72.5% (overweight/obesity) and 99.1% (malnutrition) for the male gender, and equal to 84.2% (overweight/obesity) and 96.1% (malnutrition) for the female gender. The analyzed body mass index cutoffs are more specific than sensitive in the nutritional status identification.A prevalência da obesidade tem crescido de forma alarmante nas últimas décadas, crescimento este que precisa ser acompanhado de perto. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a eficiência de valores críticos de índice de massa corporal específicos para a população brasileira na indicação do estado nutricional. Foram avaliados 1384 indivíduos, com idade entre 10 e 17 anos. Aferiu-se o peso corporal, a estatura (índice de massa corporal) e a dobra cutânea tricipital. Para o sexo masculino, foram observados valores de sensibilidade iguais a 43.8% (sobrepeso/obesidade) e 5.6% (desnutrição). Para o sexo feminino, os valores de sensibilidade foram iguais a 31.4% (sobrepeso/obesidade) e 5.7% (desnutrição). Os valores de especificidade foram iguais a 72.5% (sobrepeso/obesidade) e 99.1% (desnutrição) para o sexo masculino, e iguais a 84.2% (sobrepeso/obesidade) e 96.1% (desnutrição) para o feminino. Os valores críticos de Índice de Massa Corporal analisados são mais específicos do que sensíveis na indicação do estado nutricional

Atividade física habitual, barreiras para prática de atividade física e indicadores de saúde de pacientes em hemodiálise

Apesar dos avanços no tratamento de diálise terem aumentado a sobrevida de doentes, tais procedimentos, isoladamente, não garantem a preservação da qualidade de vida. Na população em geral, trabalhos epidemiológicos têm identificado vários fatores, demográficos, étnicos, econômicos, entre outros, associados com o nível de atividade física, que cuidadosamente levam a designar programas de intervenção ao público de risco elevado e melhorar a sobrevida da população. No doente renal crônico em hemodiálise os estudos que indicam o nível de atividade física habitual, são escassos e trazem resultados de populações norte-americanas e europeias, não condizentes, portanto, com a realidade de país em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do estudo foi explorar a interação de indicadores de saúde e barreiras associados ao nível habitual de atividade física de pacientes em hemodiálise. A casuística foi composta trinta e cinco pacientes de dois Centro de Hemodiálise, com idade superior a 18 anos e a mais de três meses em tratamento, que após apresentação do projeto se disponibilizaram a participar do estudo. Uma anamnese com questões sócio-demográficas foi aplicada, e nos prontuários clínicos buscou-se os exames bioquímicos, peso seco, tempo em hemodiálise e doença primária. Um inquérito de comorbidades, barreiras pessoais para prática de atividade física e qualidade de vida (SF-36) também foram aplicados. Para análise da atividade física habitual, foi utilizado um sensor de movimento tipo acelerômetro marca Actigraph-GT3X, com o qual os avaliados permaneceram por seis dias completos. As características gerais da casuística foram apresentadas sob a forma de tendência central e dispersão e os dados categóricos em valores percentuais...Despite advances in dialysis treatment have increased survival of patients; such procedures do not guarantee the preservation of quality of life. In the general population, epidemiological studies have identified several factors such as demographic, ethnic, economic, among others, associated with the level of physical activity that lead to carefully describe intervention programs to the public from high risk and improve survival of the population. Studies that indicate the level of habitual physical activity of patients undergoing hemodialysis are scarce and involve only results of North American and European population, not consistent, therefore, with the reality of a developing country. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction of health indicators and barriers associated with the usual level of physical activity in hemodialysis patients. The series consisted of thirty-five patients of two Hemodialysis Center, adults and more than three months in treatment, that after presenting the project agree to participate. An interview with demographic questions was applied, and clinical records sought to biochemical tests, weight, time on dialysis and primary disease. A survey of comorbidities, personal barriers to physical activity and quality of life (SF-36) were also applied. For analysis of physical activity, we used a motion sensor-type accelerometer Actigraph GT3X brand, with which the subjects remained for six full days. The general characteristics of the sample were presented in the form of central tendency and dispersion, and categorical data as percentages. To determine the interactions between independent variables and the level of habitual physical activity model of forward stepwise multiple regression was applied with a significance level of 5%. By reason of sample size, the number of variables in the model was limited... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Nível de atividade física, comorbidades e idade de pacientes hipertensos

Physical inactivity is associated with chronic diseases in older adults. There are different domains of physical activity, such as leisure and locomotion. This study investigate the associations between different domains of physical activity, comorbidities and aging in hypertensive adults. Participants included 192 hypertensive respondents classified in groups of active and insufficiently active for leisure-time, locomotion, occupation and total time. They were stratified in age groups. Waist circumference was measured and comorbidities were self-reported. The chi-square test analyzed these associations; a one-way ANOVA compared the age groups (significance at p <0.05). The mean total time and occupational physical activity were lower for groups ages over 60 and 70 years, respectively. Occupational activity was associated with age in the female group, and with cholesterol and diabetes in males, who also had physical activity of locomotion associated with waist circumference. Physical activity of hypertensive patients is associated with comorbidities in different age groups and sex.No envelhecimento, hábito inativo está associado a doenças crônicas. Existem diferentes domínios da atividade física, tais como: tempo livre e locomoção. O objetivo foi analisar associações entre diferentes domínios de atividade física, comorbidades e idade em hipertensos. Foram entrevistados 192 hipertensos. Classificados em menos ativos e mais ativos para atividades no lazer, locomoção, ocupação e total e estratificados em grupos etários. A circunferência de cintura foi avaliada e comorbidades auto referidas. O teste Qui-quadrado analisou as associações e o teste ANOVA one way comparou os grupos etários, adotando significância estatística quando p<0,05. As médias de atividade física ocupacional e total foram menores para idade igual ou acima dos 60 e 70 anos, respectivamente. A atividade ocupacional esteve associada à idade em mulheres e, ao colesterol e diabetes em homens, que também tiveram atividade física de locomoção associada à circunferência de cintura. Em síntese a atividade física de hipertensos associa-se a comorbidades para diferentes grupos etários e sexos

Atividade física habitual de crianças e adolescentes mensurada por pedômetro e sua relação com índices nutricionais

A monitoração dos níveis de prática de atividade física em segmentos da população jovem tem se tornado importante tema de interesse entre especialistas da área. O Objetivo do estudo foi verificar o nível de atividade física de escolares, baseando-se em duas recomendações vigentes, e analisar a existência de associações entre a quantidade de passos/dia e diferentes indicadores de adiposidade corporal. A casuística foi composta por 162 indivíduos de dez a 18 anos (65 do sexo masculino e 97 do sexo feminino). Foram calculados o Índice de Massa Corporal e o percentual de gordura por impedância bioelétrica. O nível de atividade física habitual foi mensurado por meio de pedômetro (New Lifestyles modelo NL-2000) e analisado de acordo com duas recomendações internacionais: Duncan et al. (masculino: 16.000 passos/dia e feminino: 13.000 passos/dia) e Tudor-Locke et al. (masculino: 15.000 passos/dia e feminino: 12.000 passos/dia). O teste t de Student e a ANOVA One-Away (Post Hoc - LSD) compararam os grupos formados. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p£0,05). Dos resultados, apenas 18,5% da amostra cumpriu as recomendações propostas por Duncan e 25,9% cumpriram os pontos de corte propostos por Tudor-Locke et al.. Os adolescentes que não cumpriram as recomendações propostas por Duncan et al., apresentaram valores percentuais de gordura corporal maiores quando comparados aos jovens que cumpriram (p<0,05). Pode-se concluir que uma elevada taxa de jovens não cumpriu as duas recomendações analisadas, bem como, apenas um indicador de adiposidade associou-se com o cumprimento de umas das recomendações.Monitoring physical activity levels in segments of the young population has become an important topic among specialists. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical activity level of schoolchildren based on two current recommendations and to examine the association between the number of steps/day and different indicators of adiposity. The sample consisted of 162 subjects aged 10 to 18 years (65 boys and 97 girls). Body mass index and body fat percentage were calculated. The level of physical activity was quantified with a pedometer (New Lifestyles NL-2000) based on the following recommendations: Duncan et al. (male: 16,000 steps/day and female: 13,000 steps/day) and Tudor-Locke et al. (male: 15,000 steps/day and female: 12,000 steps/day). The Student t-test and one-way ANOVA (LSD post hoc test) were used for comparison between groups. A level of significance of 5% was adopted (p £ 0.05). Only 18.5% of the sample met the recommendations proposed by Duncan et al. and 25.9% met the cutoff proposed by Tudor-Locke et al. Adolescents who did not meet the cutoff proposed by Duncan had higher body fat percentages than those who did (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a high rate of the youngsters did not meet the recommendations analyzed and only one indicator of adiposity was associated with meeting one of the recommendations

<b>Usual physical activity in children and adolescents measured by pedometer and its association with nutritional indicators</b>.DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n1p22

Monitoring physical activity levels in segments of the young population has become an important topic among specialists. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical activity level of schoolchildren based on two current recommendations and to examine the association between the number of steps/day and different indicators of adiposity. The sample consisted of 162 subjects aged 10 to 18 years (65 boys and 97 girls). Body mass index and body fat percentage were calculated. The level of physical activity was quantified with a pedometer (New Lifestyles NL-2000) based on the following recommendations: Duncan et al. (male: 16,000 steps/day and female: 13,000 steps/day) and Tudor-Locke et al. (male: 15,000 steps/day and female: 12,000 steps/day). The Student t-test and one-way ANOVA (LSD post hoc test) were used for comparison between groups. A level of significance of 5% was adopted (p £ 0.05). Only 18.5% of the sample met the recommendations proposed by Duncan et al. and 25.9% met the cutoff proposed by Tudor-Locke et al. Adolescents who did not meet the cutoff proposed by Duncan had higher body fat percentages than those who did (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a high rate of the youngsters did not meet the recommendations analyzed and only one indicator of adiposity was associated with meeting one of the recommendations

Intradialytic exercise and postural control in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract Introduction: Exercise promotes physiological improvements that reflect better quality of life and survival among chronic kidney disease patients. However, little is known about the effect of exercise on postural control of hemodialysis patients. Objective: To evaluate the effect of intradialytic aerobic exercise on postural balance in patients on hemodialysis. Methods: a pilot study with seven individuals was conducted at the Hemodialysis Center of Bauru State Hospital. The Berg Balance Scale evaluated balance and postural balance was evaluated by the force platform Advance Mechanical Technology Inc. (AMTI - AccuGait). Trunk mean sway amplitude in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions and mean velocity in the AP and ML directions were assessed. Secondary outcomes about functional capacity and body composition (DEXA) were evaluated. The aerobic exercise was performed with a ergometric bicycle during the first two hours of hemodialysis session for 50-60 minutes (BORG >12), three times a week for 12-weeks. Results: Four men and three women, 52.86 ± 11.08 years, participated in the study. There was no difference between pre and post-test of postural balance outcomes. Although the results were not statistically significant, except for the lean body mass and leg lean mass, the presented pilot study suggests improved functional balance and lower limb strength. Conclusion: The 12-weeks of aerobic exercise protocol during hemodialysis despite inducing gains in lean body mass and leg lean mass, was not able to promote improvements in postural control of chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis

Bioelectrical impedance and indicators of body fat and cardiovascular risk in adolescents

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2008v10n1p19 The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between bioelectric impedance and adiposity and elevated cardiovascular risk indicators, and its effectiveness for detecting appropriate nutritional status, according to the Body Mass Index. A Cross-sectional study. The sample included 900 subjects, both males and females, with ages ranging from 11 to 17 years. Nutritional status was determined according to both Body Mass Index and relative body fat, estimated by bioelectric impedance. For both sexes, bioelectric impedance was signifi cantly correlated (p< 0.05) with all adiposity and cardiovascular risk indicators. Furthermore, it exhibited high specifi city for indicating nutritional status. It can be concluded that bioelectric impedance is a useful tool for body composition assessment. It can also be concluded that in young populations, care musty be taken when choosing equations to estimate relative body fat