3 research outputs found

    Staphylococcus aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis: Description of two distinct acquisition pathways with different potential preventive approaches

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    ObjectiveDetermining the acquisition routes of infection is crucial to designing specific preventive approaches against Staphylococcus aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis.MethodsFrom 2002 to 2004, a nasal sample was obtained from patients before cardiac surgery. We collected clinical and microbiologic data of all episodes of S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis. A case–control study (3:1) was performed to confirm the role of previous preoperative nasal colonization by S aureus as a risk factor for S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis molecular analysis of nasal and surgical site S aureus isolates was performed to analyze their relatedness in each patient with poststernotomy mediastinitis and with other patients of the study cohort.ResultsS aureus nasal cultures were positive in 228 (15.9%) of 1432 patients: methicillin-susceptible S aureus in 222 (15.5%) and meticillin-resistant S aureus in 6 (0.4%). S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis was diagnosed in 17 (1.2%) of 1432 patients: 9 (3.95%) of 228 in colonized patients versus 8 (0.66%) of 1204 in noncolonized patients (P < .0001). Seven of 9 patients (1.2%) with methicillin-susceptible S aureus had an identical isolate by pulsed field gel electrophoresis in preoperative nasal and surgical-site cultures, but no clonal relatedness was shown among the isolates from these 9 patients. None of the 8 patients with methicillin-resistant S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis had an identical isolate by pulsed field gel electrophoresis in preoperative nasal and surgical-site cultures, and the same clone of methicillin-resistant S aureus was responsible for all these cases.ConclusionsNasal colonization often precedes methicillin-resistant S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis, which suggests that decontamination is adequate for preventing methicillin-resistant S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis, whereas hospital infection control measures seem to be the major factor for preventing methicillin-resistant S aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis

    Photovoice: Integrating participatory photography into different teaching contexts

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    [EN] This paper presents different methodological proposals whose common axis is the application of photovoice adapted in different university teaching contexts are and developed within the framework of the Innovation Project "Photovoice: using participatory photography for the development of transversal competences". This first phase of implementation has consisted of the methodological adaptation of the photovoice to a wide variety of degrees and subjects in order to design teaching-learning activities that provide a suitable context that improves motivation, in which the active participation of students is promoted, as well as the development of skills such as effective communication and critical thinking. Likewise, an evaluation strategy has been designed to collect evidence to determine the degree of achievement of the learning objectives set, the improvement of student participation and their level of satisfaction with the methodology. The preliminary results of its implementation reveal optimum student participation and a high level of satisfaction, as well as a greater integration of aspects dealt with in the different subjects.[ES] En este trabajo se exponen diferentes propuestas metodológicas que presentan como eje común la aplicación del fotovoz adaptada en diversos contextos docentes universitarios y desarrolladas en el marco del Proyecto de Innovación “Fotovoz: usando la fotografía participativa para el desarrollo de competencias transversales”. Esta primera fase de la implementación ha consistido en la adaptación metodológica del fotovoz a una amplia variedad de titulaciones y asignaturas con el fin de diseñar actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje que proporcionen un contexto adecuado que mejore la motivación, en el que se promueva la participación activa del alumnado, así como el desarrollo de competencias como la comunicación efectiva, o el pensamiento crítico. Asimismo, se ha diseñado una estrategia de evaluación que permita la obtención de recopilación de evidencias para determinar el grado de consecución de los objetivos de aprendizaje planteados, la mejora de la participación del alumnado y su nivel de satisfacción sobre la metodología. Los resultados preliminares de su implementación revelan una óptima participación del alumnado y un grado de satisfacción elevado, así como una mayor integración de aspectos tratados en las diferentes asignaturas.Agradecemos al Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universitat Politécnica de València la financiación del Programa de Innovación y Mejora Educativa A+D 2022 para el proyecto “Fotovoz: usando la fotografía participativa para el desarrollo de competencias transversales”Ortega-Reig, M.; Abarca, JM.; Aragón, P.; Aznar, E.; Bayón, A.; Caballos, I.; Escribano, S.... (2023). Fotovoz: Integrando la fotografía participativa en diferentes contextos docentes. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1152-1165. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.166871152116

    Manejo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica. Experiencia de un centro de referencia nacional

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    Resumen: Introducción: La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar es el tratamiento de elección y potencialmente curativo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica; el tratamiento médico quedaría limitado a los pacientes considerados inoperables. Este estudio evalúa los resultados a largo plazo con ambos tratamientos en una Unidad de Referencia Nacional. Métodos: Desde febrero de 1996 hasta diciembre del 2015 se ha valorado a 292 pacientes, intervenido 142 (grupo 1) y considerado inoperables 116 (grupo 2). El seguimiento finalizó en diciembre del 2016. Resultados: La supervivencia a los 3 años fue del 92% en el grupo 1 y del 86% en el grupo 2, a los 5 años el 91 y el 78%, respectivamente (p = 0,001). En el análisis multivariante la supervivencia en ambos grupos estuvo relacionada con la tromboendarterectomía (HR 0,37; IC del 95% 0,19-0,72; p = 0,003), el antecedente de embolia aguda de pulmón (HR 0,50; IC del 95% 0,27-0,92; p = 0,026), el test de la marcha de 6 min (HR 0,79; IC del 95% 0,73-0,85; p = 0,001), la historia de cáncer (HR 2,57; IC del 95% 1,22-5,43; p = 0,013) y las resistencias vasculares pulmonares (HR 1,19; IC del 95% 1,02-1,39; p = 0,024). En el grupo 1 la supervivencia se relacionó con el test de 6 min (HR 0,84; IC del 95% 0,79-0,96; p = 0,009) y el gasto cardiaco (HR 0,61; IC del 95% 0,39-0,96; p = 0,033); en el grupo 2 únicamente con el test de 6 min (HR 0,81; IC del 95% 0,71-0,92; p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica intervenidos con tromboendarterectomía tienen una supervivencia excelente y significativamente superior a la de los pacientes tratados médicamente. En la presente serie la tromboendarterectomía es el factor predictor de supervivencia más importante. Abstract: Introduction: Although medical treatment can clinically improve inoperable patients, pulmonary endarterectomy surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and is potentially curative. An evaluation was made of the long-term outcomes in medical and surgical populations at a national Unit of Reference. Methods: A total of 292 patients were evaluated from February 1996 until December 2015, of whom 142 were had surgery (group 1) and 116 were considered inoperable (group 2). The follow-up ended in December 2016. Results: Survival rate after 3  3 years was 92% in group 1 and 86% in group 2, and after 5  5 years it was 91% and 78%, respectively (P=.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that survival in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was related to surgery (HR 0.37; 95% CI; 0.19-0.72; P=.003), history of acute pulmonary embolism (HR 0.50; 95% CI; 0.27-0.92; P=.026), distance walked in the six-minute walk test (HR 0.79; 95% CI; 0.73-0.85; P=.001), history of cancer (HR 2.57; 95% CI; 1.22-5.43; P=.013), and pulmonary vascular resistance (HR 1.19; 95% CI; 1.02-1.39; P=.024). In group 1, the variables associated with survival were the six-minute walk test (HR 0.84; 95% CI; 0.79-0.96; P=.009), and the cardiac output (HR 0.61; 95% CI; 0.39-0.96; P=.033), and in group 2, the variable associated was the six-minute walk test (HR 0.81; 95% CI; 0.71-0.92; P=.001). Conclusion: Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who received pulmonary endarterectomy surgery have an excellent survival rate, and significantly superior to that of patients treated medically. In the present series, pulmonary endarterectomy surgery was the most important predictive survival factor. Palabras clave: Hipertensión pulmonar, Embolia pulmonar, Tromboendarterectomía pulmonar, Keywords: Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary thromboendarterectom
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