Tuning the Dirac Cone of Bilayer and Bulk Structure Graphene by Intercalating First Row Transition Metals using First Principles Calculations

Modern nanoscience has focused on two-dimensional (2D) layer structure materials which have garnered tremendous attention due to their unique physical, chemical and electronic properties since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Recent advancement in graphene nanotechnology opens a new avenue of creating 2D bilayer graphene (BLG) intercalates. Using first-principles DFT techniques, we have designed 20 new materials \textit{in-silico} by intercalating first row transition metals (TMs) with BLG, i.e. 10 layered structure and 10 bulk crystal structures of TM intercalated in BLG. We investigated the equilibrium structure and electronic properties of layered and bulk structure BLG intercalated with first row TMs (Sc-Zn). The present DFT calculations show that the 2$p_z$ sub-shells of C atoms in graphene and the 3$d_{yz}$ sub-shells of the TM atoms provide the electron density near the Fermi level controlling the material properties of the BLG-intercalated materials. This article highlights how the Dirac point moves in both the BLG and bulk-BLG given a different TM intercalated materials. The implications of controllable electronic structure and properties of intercalated BLG-TM for future device applications are discussed. This work opens up new avenues for the efficient production of two-dimensional and three-dimensional carbon-based intercalated materials with promising future applications in nanomaterial science.Comment: 60 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.03936 by other author

Iron Intercalation in Covalent-Organic Frameworks: A Promising Approach for Semiconductors

Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are intriguing platforms for designing functional molecular materials. Here, we present a computational study based on van der Waals dispersion-corrected hybrid density functional theory (DFT-D) to design boroxine-linked and triazine-linked COFs intercalated with Fe. Keeping the original $P-6m2$ symmetry of the pristine COF (COF-Fe-0), we have computationally designed seven new COFs by intercalating Fe atoms between two organic layers. The equilibrium structures and electronic properties of both the pristine and Fe-intercalated COF materials are investigated here. We predict that the electronic properties of COFs can be fine tuned by adding Fe atoms between two organic layers in their structures. Our calculations show that these new intercalated-COFs are promising semiconductors. The effect of Fe atoms on the electronic band structures and density of states (DOSs) has also been investigated using the aforementioned DFT-D method. The contribution of the $d$-subshell electron density of the Fe atoms plays an important role in improving the semiconductor properties of these new materials. These intercalated-COFs provide a new strategy to create semi-conducting materials within a rigid porous network in a highly controlled and predictable manner.Comment: 39 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1703.0261

Deformed classical-quantum mechanics transition

An approach to study a generalization of the classical-quantum transition for general systems is proposed. In order to develop the idea, a deformation of the ladder operators algebra is proposed that contains a realization of the quantum group $SU(2)_q$ as a particular case. In this deformation Planck's constant becomes an operator whose eigenvalues approach $\hbar$ for small values of $n$ (the eigenvalue of the number operator), and zero for large values of $n$ (the system is classicalized).Comment: 20 pages, no figure

MultiBinding Sites United in Covalent-Organic Frameworks (MSUCOF) for H2_2 Storage and Delivery at Room Temperature

The storage of hydrogen gas (H$_2$) has presented a significant challenge that has hindered its use as a fuel source for transportation. To meet the Department of Energy's ambitious goals of achieving $50$ g L$^{-1}$ volumetric and $6.5$ wt \% gravimetric uptake targets, materials-based approaches are essential. Designing materials that can efficiently store hydrogen gas requires careful tuning of the interactions between the gaseous H$_2$ and the surface of the material. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Covalent-Organic Frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials due to their exceptionally high surface areas and tunable structures that can improve gas-framework interactions. However, weak binding enthalpies have limited the success of many current candidates, which fail to achieve even $10$ g L$^{-1}$ volumetric uptake at ambient temperatures. To overcome this challenge, We utilized quantum mechanical (QM) based force fields (FF) to investigate the uptake and binding enthalpies of 3 linkers chelated with 7 different transition metals (TM), including both precious metals (Pd and Pt) and first row TM (Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn), to design 24 different COFs in-silico. By applying QM-based FF with grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) from 0-700 bar and 298 K, We demonstrated that Co-, Ni-, Mn-, Fe-, Pd-, and Pt-based MSUCOFs can already achieve the Department of Energy's hydrogen storage targets for 2025. Surprisingly, the COFs that incorporated the more affordable and abundant first-row TM often outperformed the precious metals. This promising development brings us one step closer to realizing a hydrogen-based energy economy