The geographical information system and the natural resources management

The Geographical Information System (GIS) works on databases that contain different kinds of information (town-planning, geographical and environmental). It is able to correlate, to integrate and to consult them just using simple or complex inquiries allowing in any moment the introduction of new data or the updating of those available. The management of the natural resources well it is lent to be done through the creation of a GIS : natural resources are connected to the punctual knowledge of the territory but have to be referred to lots of other factors, primarily linked to human activities, that contributes to organize and transform them. It is needed a suitable cartography containing the basic dates and the general subjects to overlap to the whole other series of information, different for origin and contents. The aim is to represent the natural and human structure of the territory, to know the spontaneous or induced events, to manage the norms and to plan the existing resources: from the integration of all the information it is created an adding value. A concrete example of this statement is represented by a project, in course of elaboration, promoted by the province of Rome for the Realization of an Ecological Network in the mountainous complex of the Lucretili-Simbruini-Ruffi. The study area is situated in the centre of Italy and more precisely in Lazio region throw the border with Abruzzo. The location of this place makes it to be a key element in the environmental continuity at territorial scale, therefore the study of the same one will be made analysing more levels, beginning from the landscape, in its components natural and human, continuing with the definition of the functional ecological network, and concluding with the aspects of managerial nature, that more than the others will receive advantages from the creation of the GIS. There are essential elements able to suggest guidelines for planning and maintaining with ecological criteria: it means to verify the planning instruments, to point out the areas with different kind of constraints and to analyze the incongruities and the conflict points that will become the most important in the new action-plan.

The geographical information system and the natural resources management

The Geographical Information System (GIS) works on databases that contain different kinds of information (town-planning, geographical and environmental). It is able to correlate, to integrate and to consult them just using simple or complex inquiries allowing in any moment the introduction of new data or the updating of those available. The management of the natural resources well it is lent to be done through the creation of a GIS : natural resources are connected to the punctual knowledge of the territory but have to be referred to lots of other factors, primarily linked to human activities, that contributes to organize and transform them. It is needed a suitable cartography containing the basic dates and the general subjects to overlap to the whole other series of information, different for origin and contents. The aim is to represent the natural and human structure of the territory, to know the spontaneous or induced events, to manage the norms and to plan the existing resources: from the integration of all the information it is created an adding value. A concrete example of this statement is represented by a project, in course of elaboration, promoted by the province of Rome for the Realization of an Ecological Network in the mountainous complex of the Lucretili-Simbruini-Ruffi. The study area is situated in the centre of Italy and more precisely in Lazio region throw the border with Abruzzo. The location of this place makes it to be a key element in the environmental continuity at territorial scale, therefore the study of the same one will be made analysing more levels, beginning from the landscape, in its components natural and human, continuing with the definition of the functional ecological network, and concluding with the aspects of managerial nature, that more than the others will receive advantages from the creation of the GIS. There are essential elements able to suggest guidelines for planning and maintaining with ecological criteria: it means to verify the planning instruments, to point out the areas with different kind of constraints and to analyze the incongruities and the conflict points that will become the most important in the new action-plan

Monitoring pit and fissures using transparent sealant and fluorescence intraoral camera, 12 months follow up

The aim of this in vivo study is to report on the combined use of a fluorescence intraoral camera and transparent sealant for the clinical monitoring of pits and fissures. 96 permanent molars with a ICDAS II code 0, 1, or 2, (in 48 patients aged 12–14) were registered at the First Observation Unit (Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences Department), Sapienza University, Rome. Clinically selected teeth were double-checked using a VistaCam iX Proof (Durr Dental AG) and sealed with a transparent sealant (ControlSeal, VOCO GmbH), following the established indications for use if a pit and fissure condition was confirmed within the camera’s internal cutoff point of 1.5 (“early enamel demineralization”). Clinical followup was performed using VistaCam at 6 and 12 months to assess sealant retention and any demineralization trend. At baseline, 57.4% of the registered teeth were sound, both visually and when using the fluorescence camera, 42.6% presented an early demineralization (<1.5 with VistaCam and ICDAS II 1- 2). Subsequent VistaCam assessment of surfaces underlying the transparent sealant totally confirmed initial evaluations. Complete sealant retention rated 95% at 6 months, and 91% at 12 months. No case of complete detachment was observed. At the 12-month follow-up, VistaCam measurements resulted stable in the whole sample, except for one permanent molar, which presented a demineralization increment and partial sealant retention. Visual and fluorescence assessments were consistent and feasible. Incomplete sealant retention occurred in 5% of cases at 6 months and 9% of cases at 12 months and was probably due to procedure imperfections. The combined use of transparent sealant and a fluorescence camera shows clinical effectiveness and diagnostic efficacy for occlusal surface monitoring

Preventive strategies in oral health for special needs patients

As regards to the most common oral disease in pediatric patients, intellectual disability is not a risk factor for caries disease itself, but it rather reduces the individual capability to self-care and therefore to his own oral care. Children suffering of systemic pathologies and/or with different stages of disability are to be considered at high risk for dental caries development. According to recent guidelines for oral health prevention in childhood, individual additional strategies for a preventive care should be applied for these patients. All the health providers, family and caregivers should be involved with the aim of being aware, motivated and informed on oral health issues, and a better access system to the dental care structure, both logistic, professional and economical should be assured

Evaluation of the esthetic properties of developmental defects of enamel: a spectrophotometric clinical study

Objectives. Detailed clinical quantification of optical properties of developmental defect of enamel is possible with spectropho- tometric evaluation. Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are daily encountered in clinical practice. DDE are an alteration in quality and quantity of the enamel, caused by disruption and/or damage to the enamel organ during amelogenesis. Methods. Several clinical indices have been developed to categorize enamel defects based on their nature, appearance, microscopic features, or cause. A sample of 39 permanent teeth presenting DDE on labial surface was examined using the DDE Modified Index and SpectroShade evaluation. The spectrophotometric approach quantifies L∗ (luminosity), a∗ (quantity of green-red), and b∗ (quantity of blue- yellow) of different DDE. Conclusions. SpectroShade evaluation of the optical properties of the enamel defect enhances clinical understanding of severity and extent of the defect and characterizes the enamel alteration in terms of color discrepancy and surface characterization

Denunzie ritardate di nascite in Italia e in altri stati (1872-1909)

- Indice #5- Perturbazione del rapporto delle nascite maschili alle femminili #16- Natimortalità #22- Il fenomeno delle denunzie tardive #39- Denunzie tardive in Portogallo e Spagna #62- Denunzie tardive in alcuni paesi slavi #70- Denunzie tardive nel nord Europa #80- In Austria, Germania, Svizzera #89- In Australia, Giappone #103- Il fenomeno nel Centro e Sud America #10

Evaluation of aesthetic integration between composite restorations and natural tooth in NCCL: a case report

NCCL (non carious cervical lesion) is defined as irreversible loss of dental hard tissue that does not involve bacteria. It consists of erosion, attrition, abrasion and abfraction that rarely occur alone. Dentinal hypersensitivity is an early symptom of NCCL. Preventive measures and restorative treatment can avoid the progress of NCCL. This paper reports a case of NCCL treatment with aesthetic purpose. The aesthetic evaluation was made by means of spectrophotometry as a standardized method. Spectrophotometric measurements such as International Commission on Illumination (CIE-Commission Internationale de l’Eclaraige) CIE L* a* b* and ΔE between the sound enamel and resin restoration, provide all the information about the outcome of the aesthetic restorative treatment

Oral hygiene management in patients with visual sensory disabilities

Aim: Oral hygiene maintenance is one of the most difficult tasks for visually impaired people. The aim of study was to investigate about knowledge on oral hygiene practices among patients with visual sensory disabilities by proposing an effective management in order to achieve and maintain oral health status of these patients. Methods:It was administered a questionnaire about oral health management to the patients with visual disabilities accessing to dental unit of “Mons. Di Liegro” Hospital of Gaeta. Results: The survey covered a sample of 49 patients, aged between 14 and 95 years. More than half (66%) was blind ( 65% of cases with primary blindness and the remain ing 35% with secondary blindness). Only 32.65% brushed their teeth 3 times a day; 68% of the surveyed patients limited home oral hygiene procedures to toothbrush and toothpaste; 79% used manual toothbrush; 49% of respondents report ed odontophobia (it was basically generated by pain) often due to bad experience during childhood. More than half declared a dental office attendance as needed. Conclusions: This study showed as, although starting from a compromised oral health and inadequate knowledge of oral hygiene practices, visual impaired/ blind patients were able to achieve and maintain a good level of oral hygiene, using the most appropriate techniques and instrument

Effect of biofilm removal from the occlusal tooth surfaces on fluorescence measurements. A clinical study

Aim: Early diagnosis and monitoring of caries lesions are the most important issues of primary and secondary prevention policies.The intraoral VistaCamiX(DurrDental, Bietigheim‐Bissingen,Germany) uses the fluorescence phenomenon for a non‐invasive, quantitative caries diagnosis. In order to make a precise evaluation the tooth surface must be completely cleaned and without biofilm. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of biofilm removal, using air‐polishing device (Combi,MectronSpA) with glycine, on fluorescence VistaCam iX camera quantitative measurements of caries. Methods: Patients with complete permanent dentition without any kind of restorative treatments in the lateral and posterior section of upper and lower dental arches were enrolled. The occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars were photographed using the fluorescence terminal Proof of the intraoral camera VistaCam iX before and after air polishing glycine procedures, registering the highest value gained for each occlusal surface. Results:133cuspidate permanent teeth of patients aged between 13 and 25 were analyzed. Descriptive analysis showed an average of 0.82 (SD=0.65; Min=0.00; Max=1.80; Median=1.20) and of 0.93 (SD=0.60; Min=0.00; Max=1.70; Median=1.20) for values before and after treatment, respectively.The scores assigned by VistaCam iX Proof fluorescence based camera to the occlusal surfaces, after the air‐polishing treatment, are averagely higher than those before treatment, especially in the diagnosis of initial tooth decay. Conclusion: Biofilm removal with glycine air‐polishing improves the VistaCam camera accuracy in recognizing healthy tissue from the decayed one, due to the fact that air-polishing treatment increases the decayed tissue reaction to the fluorescence

Awareness of complications and maintenance mode of oral piercing in a group of adolescents and young Italian adults with intraoral piercing

Background: The aim of the study was to focus the awareness of complications of oral piercing among a group of adolescents and young Italian adults with intraoral piercings. Material and Methods: A total of 225 teenagers were asked to complete a questionnaire on the awareness of complications of oral piercing. An additional questionnaire was administered in case of oral piercing worn, based on site piercing, knowledge about piercer license, oral and systemic risks due to oral piercing, disinfection and sterilization of the material pierced, information by the piercer about piercing hygiene maintenance and post-piercing dentist check-up. After questionnaire all partecipants received a brochure with some information about risks and maintenance mode of piercing. Results: Data revealed that more than 50% of teens surveyed was found to wear a piercing. Only 25.3% was aware of the risk of HCV cross-infection and only 17.3% reported of knowledge about risk of endocarditis. Only 17% checked the piercer license and only 18% sterilization and disinfection of the materials used. 53.7% did not received explanations about the risks associated with piercing. With regard to the maintenance mode of the piercing, it has been suggested to brush the piercing bar in 17% of cases. The post piercing specialist visits have been suggested only in 7% of cases. Conclusions: The general lack of awareness of complications and maintenance mode related to oral piercing needs to be addressed by some education programs performed at school and by dentists