Effect of polymerization cycles on gloss, roughness, hardness and impact strength of acrylic resins

The aim of this study was to evaluate the conventional and boiled polymerization cycles on gloss, roughness, hardness and impact strength of acrylic resins. Samples were made for each Classico and QC-20 materials (n=10) in dental stone molds obtained from rectangular metallic matrices embedded in metallic flasks. The powder-liquid ratio and manipulation of the acrylic resins' were accomplished according to manufacturers' instructions and the resins were conventionally packed in metallic flasks. After polymerization by (1) conventional: 74 °C for 9 h (Classico) and (2) boiled: 20 min (QC-20) cycles, the samples were deflasked after cooling at room temperature and conventionally finished and polished. The properties were evaluated after storage in water at 37 °C for 24 h. Gloss was verified with Multi Gloss 268 meter (Konica Minolta), surface roughness was measured with Surfcorder SE 1700 rugosimeter (Kosaka), Knoop hardness number was obtained with HMV-200 microdurometer, and impact strength was measured in an Otto Wolpert-Werke device by Charpy system (40 kpcm). Data were subjected to Student's t-test (at α=0.05). The results were: Gloss: 67.7 and 62.2 for Classico and QC-20 resins, respectively; Surface roughness: 0.874 and 1.469 Ra-µm for Classico and QC-20, respectively; Knoop hardness: 27.4 and 26.9 for Classico and QC-20, respectively; and Impact strength: 37.6 and 33.6 kgf/cm2 for Classico and QC-20, respectively. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05)were found between the resins for the evaluated properties. In conclusion, conventional and boiled polymerization cycles had similar effects on gloss, roughness, hardness and impact strength of both Classico and QC-20 resins272176180CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQSem informaçãoO propósito neste estudo foi avaliar os ciclos de polimerização convencional e por fervura sobre o brilho, rugosidade, dureza e resistência ao impacto de resinas acrílicas. Amostras foram confeccionadas para cada resina Clássico ou QC-20 (n=20) em moldes de gesso obtidos de matrizes metálicas retangulares incluídas em muflas metálicas. A proporção monômero/polímero das resinas e manipulação foram de acordo com as recomendações dos fabricantes e a massa convencionalmente incluída em muflas metálicas. Após polimerização nos ciclos (1) convencional: 74 °C por 9 horas (Clássico) e (2) fervura: 20 min (QC-20), as amostras foram demufladas após esfriadas em temperatura ambiente e convencionalmente acabadas e polidas. As propriedades foram avaliadas após armazenagem das amostras em água a 37 °C por 24 h. O brilho foi verificado com medidor Multi Gloss 268 (Konica Minolta), a rugosidade avaliada com rugosímetro Surfcorder SE 1700 (Kosaka), a dureza Knoop foi obtida com microdurômetro HMV-200 (Shimadzu) e a resistência ao impacto determinada pelo sistema Charpy (Otto Wolpert Werke). Os dados submetidos ao teste t de Student (α=0.05) mostraram que Os resultados foram: brilho: 67,7 e 62,2 para Clássico e QC-20, respectivamente; rugosidade: 0,874 e 1,469 Ra-µm para Clássico e QC-20, respectivamente; dureza: 27,4 e 26,9 para Clássico e QC-20, respectivamente; e resistência ao impacto: 37,6 e 33,6 kgf/cm2 para Clássico e QC-20, respectivamente. Não houve diference estatisticamente significante entre as resinas para as propriedades avaliadas. Conclui-se que os ciclos de polimerização convencional e por fervura promoveram similares efeitos sobre o brilho, rugosidade, dureza e resistência ao impacto para ambas as resinas Clássico e QC-2

Influence of the cavity size, photoactivation method and restorative system on marginal adaptation, knoop hardness and bond strength to root dentin

Orientadores: Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Simonides ConsaniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do volume de compósito, técnica de fotoativação e sistema restaurador sobre a adaptação marginal, dureza Knoop e resistência de união de compósitos à dentina humana radicular. Este estudo foi dividido em 2 Capítulos. O Capítulo I verificou o efeito do volume de compósito (mantendo-se o mesmo fator C) e sistema restaurador sobre a adaptação marginal, dureza Knoop e resistência de união "push-out" a dentina radicular. Foram utilizados 90 pré-molares hígidos divididos em 9 grupos (n=10), de acordo com o volume de compósito (pequena, média e grande) e sistema restaurador (Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 Flow e Filtek LS). Os compósitos foram fotoativados por LED Ultralume 5 (Ultradent) por 20 s para Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 Flow e 40 s para Filtek LS. A adaptação marginal foi avaliada após 24h utilizando o método do corante superficial, medindo-se a porcentagem corada em relação ao perímetro da cavidade (Caries Detector). Após a análise da adaptação marginal, as amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de resistência de união "push-out" e de dureza Knoop na superfície do compósito. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância dois fatores e teste de Tukey (p=0,05). O volume de compósito não influenciou a adaptação marginal dos compósitos. Filtek LS apresentou os melhores resultados de adaptação marginal e resistência de união. Os menores valores de resistência foram apresentados pelo Filtek Z350. O volume de compósito influenciou nos valores de resistência de união e de dureza Knoop, dependendo do compósito utilizado. Os maiores valores de dureza foram apresentados pelos volumes de compósito médios. A maior dureza foi do compósito Filtek Z350, seguido por Filtek LS e Filtek Z350 flow. No Capítulo II o objetivo foi verificar a influência da modulação da intensidade da luz durante a fotoativação e volume de compósito sobre a dureza Knoop e resistência de união do compósito Filtek Z350 à dentina radicular. Foram utilizados 90 pré-molares hígidos divididos em 9 grupos (n=10), segundo o volume de compósito (pequena, média e grande) e método de fototivação (luz contínua, "pulse delay" e "soft-start"). O compósito foi fotoativado por LED Ultralume 5 (Ultradent) pelos métodos citados anteriormente. Após 24h foi realizado o ensaio de resistência de união "push-out" e de dureza Knoop na superfície do compósito. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância dois fatores e teste de Tukey (p=0,05). Os resultados de resistência de união mostraram que os métodos de modulação da intensidade da luz foram superiores ao contínuo, sem diferença entre eles. Cavidade média foi significativamente superior que cavidade pequena e grande para o método contínuo. O ensaio de dureza Knoop mostrou que o melhor comportamento foi apresentado pelo método pulse delay e para cavidades médias. O volume de compósito influenciou os valores de resistência de união, dureza Knoop e adaptação marginal a dentina radicular. Os maiores valores de resistência de união e adaptação marginal foram apresentados pelo compósito Filtek LS e os maiores valores de dureza pelo compósito Filtek Z350. Os métodos de modulação da intensidade de luz mostraram os melhores resultados de resistência de união, sem detrimento dos valores de dureza Knoop.Abstract: The polymerization shrinkage is one of the major drawbacks of the resin composites. The polymerization stress depends on the viscosity of the composite, rate of reaction, geometric configuration of the cavity and irradiance used during photoactivation. However, the volume of composite and low shrink monomers has been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the cavity size, photoactivation technique and composite composition on marginal adaptation, Knoop hardness and push-out bond strength of composites to root dentin. This study was divided into 2 Chapters. In the Chapter 1 was to evaluate the effect of the cavity size (with similar C-factor) and restorative system on marginal adaptation, Knoop hardness and push-out bond strength to root dentin. Ninety premolars were divided into 9 groups, according to cavity size (small, middle and large) and resin composite (Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 Flow e Filtek P90). The resin composites Filtek Z350, Filtek Z350 Flow were photoactivated with LED Ultralume 5 (Ultradent) for 20 s and Filtek P90 for 40 s. The marginal adaptation was analyzed after 24 h using Caries Detector. After that, the specimens were submitted to push-out Bond strength. The Knoop hardness examination was performed at the top surface. The data were submitted to ANOVA two-way and post hoc Tukey-s test at 95% significance level. The cavity size had no influence on marginal adaptation of the resin composites. Filtek P90 presented the best marginal adaptation, significantly better than other composites for large cavity. Filtek P90 showed the highest bond strength, significantly higher than other composites. Filtek Z350 showed the lowest bond strength results. Middle cavity presented Bond strength significantly higher than large cavity with the composite Filtek Z350. The highest Knoop hardness was showed by Filtek Z350, followed by Filtek P90 and Filtek Z350 flow. The aim of the Chapter 2 was to evaluate the influence of modulated photoacivation methods and cavity size on Knoop hardness and push-out bond strength of the composite Filtek Z350 to root dentin. Ninety premolars were divided into 9 groups, according to cavity size (small, middle and large) and photoactivation method (continuous light, pulse delay and soft-start). The composite was inserted and photoactivated with LED Ultralume 5 (Ultradent) by the methods aforementioned. The specimens were submitted to push-out Bond strength and Knoop hardness test. The data were submitted to ANOVA two-way and post hoc Tukey-s test at 95% significance level. Pulse delay showed the highest Bond strength results, significantly higher continuous light for small and large cavities. Middle cavity showed Bond strength significantly higher than small and large cavities for continuous light. Continuous light presented Knoop hardness significantly higher than soft-start for small cavity. For middle cavity, pulse delay showed Knoop hardness significantly higher than continuous light and soft-start. Pulse delay and soft-start showed Knoop hardness significantly higher than continuous light. The cavity size had influence on marginal adaptation, Knoop hardness and bond strength to root dentin. Filtek LS showed the highest bond strength and marginal adaptation results and Filtek Z350 presented the highest Knoop hardness results. The light intensity modulation methods showed the best bond strength results without decrease the Knoop hardness values.DoutoradoMateriais DentariosDoutor em Materiais Dentário

Clinical evaluation of the failure rates of metallic brackets

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the bonding of metallic orthodontic brackets with different adhesive systems. Material and Methods: Twenty patients (10.5-15.1 years old) who had sought corrective orthodontic treatment at a University Orthodontic Clinic were evaluated. Brackets were bonded from the right second premolar to the left second premolar in the upper and lower arches using: Orthodontic Concise, conventional Transbond XT, Transbond XT without primer, and Transbond XT associated with Transbond Plus Self-etching Primer (TPSEP). The 4 adhesive systems were used in all patients using a split-mouth design; each adhesive system was used in one quadrant of each dental arch, so that each group of 5 patients received the same bonding sequence. Initial archwires were inserted 1 week after bracket bonding. The number of bracket failures for each adhesive system was quantified over a 6-month period. Results: The number of debonded brackets was: 8- Orthodontic Concise, 2- conventional Transbond XT, 9- Transbond XT without primer, and 1- Transbond XT + TPSEP. By using the Kaplan-Meier methods, statistically significant differences were found between the materials (p=0.0198), and the Logrank test identified these differences. Conventional Transbond XT and Transbond XT + TPSEP adhesive systems were statistically superior to Orthodontic Concise and Transbond XT without primer (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the dental arches (upper and lower), between the dental arch sides (right and left), and among the quadrants. Conclusions: The largest number of bracket failures occurred with Orthodontic Concise and Transbond XT without primer systems and few bracket failures occurred with conventional Transbond XT and Transbond XT+TPSEP. More bracket failures were observed in the posterior region compared with the anterior region.20222823

Knoop hardness of dental resin cements: Effect of veneering material and light curing methods

This study evaluated the Knoop hardness of one resin cement (dual-cure mode or light-cure mode) when illuminated directly or through restorative materials-ceramic (HeraCeram) or composite (Artglass)-by two light curing units. Light curing was carried out using a conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light source (XL2500) for 40 s, and a light emitting diodes (LED) light source (Ultrablue Is) for 40 s. Bovine incisors had their buccal faces flattened and hybridised. on these surfaces, a mould was seated and filled with cement. A disc of the veneering material (1.5 mm thickness) was positioned over this set for light curing. After storage (24 h/37 degrees C), samples (n = 10) were sectioned for hardness (KHN) measurements. Data were submitted to ANOVA and to Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). In general, light curing with LED resulted in higher hardness values than QTH. Distinct cement behaviour was observed with different veneering material in association with different light curing units (LCUs). (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effect of radiotherapy, adhesive systems and doxycycline on the bond strength of the dentin-composite interface

Purpose: To investigate the effect of radiotherapy, doxycycline and adhesive systems on the microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) of the dentin-composite interface. Methods: 60 human third molars were sectioned to expose middle dentin surface and distributed according to: (1) adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond MP and Clearfil SE Bond) applied, (2) application or not of doxycycline, and (3) submission to 60 Gy total radiation (2 Gy daily doses, 5 days/week for 6 weeks) before restoration procedure (RtRes); after restoration procedure (ResRt) or not submitted to radiotherapy (Control group). Specimens were tested for mu TBS and mode of failure were evaluated under optical microscopy. The bonding interface was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data was submitted to three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha= 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between the mu TBS (MPa) of Adper Scotchbond MP (25.5 +/- 11.1) and Clearfil SE (27.6 +/- 9.1). Control (30.5 +/- 10.9) and ResRt (29.1 +/- 10.4) presented mu TBS significantly higher than RtRes (23.1 +/- 7.2). Doxycycline (21.7 +/- 7.6) significantly reduced mu TBS compared to groups without doxycycline application (33.6 +/- 8.6). Dentin cohesive failure mode was predominant for RtRes and mixed failure mode for ResRt. Mixed and adhesive failures were frequently observed in control groups. SEM showed adhesive penetration in dentin tubules in all groups, regardless of the radiotherapy and the application of doxycycline. The radiotherapy before composite restoration procedure decreased the mu TBS. No statistical difference was observed between the adhesive systems. The doxycycline reduced mu TBS regardless of the other conditions296352356sem informaçã

Bonding performance of experimental bioactive/biomimetic self-etch adhesives doped with calcium-phosphate fillers and biomimetic analogs of phosphoproteins

Objectives: This study examined the bonding performance and dentin remineralization potential of an experimental adhesive containing calcium-phosphate (Ca/P) micro-fillers, and self-etching primers doped with phosphoprotein biomimetic analogs (polyacrylic acid-(PAA) and/or sodium trimetaphosphate-(TMP)).' Methods: Experimental self-etching primers doped with biomimetic analogs (PAA and/or TMP), and an adhesive containing Ca2+, PO4-3-releasing micro-fillers (Ca/P) were formulated. Sound human dentin specimens were bonded and cut into sticks after aging (24 h or 6 months) under simulated pulpal pressure (20 cm H2O), and tested for microtensile bond strength (mu TBS). Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Interfacial silver nanoleakage was assessed using SEM. Remineralization of EDTA-demineralized dentin was assessed through FTIR and TEM ultrastructural analysis. Results: Application of the Ca/P-doped adhesive with or without dentin pre-treatments with the primer containing both biomimetic analogs (PAA and TMP) promoted stable mTBS over 6 months. Conversely, mTBS of the control primer and filler-free adhesive significantly decreased after 6 months. Nanoleakage decreased within the resin-dentin interfaces created using the Ca/P-doped adhesives. EDTA-demineralized dentin specimens treated the Ca/P-doped adhesive and the primer containing PAA and TMP showed phosphate uptake (FTIR analysis), as well as deposition of needle-like crystallites at intrafibrillar level (TEM analysis). Significance: The use of Ca/P-doped self-etching adhesives applied in combination with analogs of phosphoproteins provides durable resin-dentin bonds. This approach may represent a suitable bonding strategy for remineralization of intrafibrillar dentin collagen within the resin-dentin interface527986sem informaçã