34 research outputs found

    Extration phenols from green coffee grains

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    The waste generated in the production of coffee, sources that may be useful in the chemical industry or food as antioxidants. In the case of green coffee beans that are removed from the plants during harvesting, it is equivalent to 3% of the national production, because they are fruits that do not finish ripening when separated from the plant, that is, non-climacteric fruits, since they do not reach the maximum value of respiratory intensity [1]. In this article we present the results of obtaining the extraction methods, assisted by ultrasound and mechanical agitation, the solver used was the elimination by selection of the recovery characteristics, the time used in the distillation and the reuse potential. previous evaluation of four solvents for extraction. The analysis technique for the determination of total phenols was Folin and Ciocalteu. The evaluation of the extraction techniques combined and individually that the ultrasound technique at 60 kHz, for 30 minutes you can obtain a concentration of equivalent phenols of 129.2 mg GAE / g of dry base material, from an extract of green coffee beans of the Coffea arabica species.Os res铆duos gerados na produ莽茫o de caf茅, fontes que podem ser 煤teis na ind煤stria qu铆mica ou alimentos como antioxidantes. No caso dos gr茫os de caf茅 verde que s茫o retirados das plantas durante a colheita, equivale a 3% da produ莽茫o nacional, pois s茫o frutos que n茫o finalizam o amadurecimento quando separados da planta, ou seja, frutos n茫o climat茅ricos, j谩 que eles n茫o atingem o valor m谩ximo da intensidade respirat贸ria [1]. Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados da obten莽茫o dos m茅todos de extra莽茫o, auxiliados por ultra-som e agita莽茫o mec芒nica, o solver utilizado foi a elimina莽茫o por sele莽茫o das caracter铆sticas de recupera莽茫o, o tempo utilizado na destila莽茫o e o potencial de reutiliza莽茫o. avalia莽茫o pr茅via de quatro solventes para extra莽茫o. A t茅cnica de an谩lise para determina莽茫o dos fen贸is totais foi Folin e Ciocalteu. A avalia莽茫o das t茅cnicas de extra莽茫o combinada e individualmente que a t茅cnica de ultra-som a 60 kHz, por 30 minutos voc锚 pode obter uma concentra莽茫o de fen贸is equivalentes de 129,2 mg GAE / g de material de base seca, de um extrato de gr茫os de caf茅 verde da esp茅cie Coffea arabica.Los residuos generados en la producci贸n de caf茅, son fuentes potenciales de sustancias que pueden ser aprovechadas en la industria qu铆mica o alimentaria como antioxidantes. En el caso de los granos verdes de caf茅 que son removidos de las plantas durante la recolecci贸n, equivalen al 3% de la producci贸n nacional, por ser frutos que no terminan su maduraci贸n al ser separados de la planta, es decir frutos no climat茅ricos ya que no alcanzan el valor m谩ximo de intensidad respiratoria [1]. En este art铆culo se presentan los resultados de la obtenci贸n de polifenoles por dos m茅todos de extracci贸n, asistida por ultrasonido y agitaci贸n mec谩nica, el solvente usado fue la acetona seleccionada por sus caracter铆sticas de recuperaci贸n, el tiempo empleado en la destilaci贸n y el potencial de reuso, previa evaluaci贸n de cuatro solventes para la extracci贸n. La t茅cnica de an谩lisis para la determinaci贸n de fenoles totales fue Folin y Ciocalteu. La evaluaci贸n de las t茅cnicas de extracci贸n de manera individual y combinada mostraron que en la t茅cnica de ultrasonido a 60 kHz, durante 30 minutos se puede obtener una concentraci贸n de fenoles equivalentes de 129,2 mg GAE/g de material en base seca, a partir de un extracto de granos verdes de caf茅 de la especie Coffea arabica

    Evaluaci贸n de la capacidad bactericida de extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad de Drimys granadensis

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    Applying a cold maceration method and a fractioning with polar increasing solvents, four vegetable extracts of Drimys granadensis leaves were obtained: Very nonpolar (MA), nonpolar (A), polar (P) and very polar (MP); each one of them were obtained using hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol correspondingly. Afterwards we followed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) to determine the lowest concentration to inhibit the bacterial growth of two Gram positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis; and two Gram negative strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. As a result, the polar fraction (P) was the most effective one by inhibiting the growth of all bacterial strains with a minimum concentration of 15 mg/mL.Empleando el m茅todo de maceraci贸n en fr铆o y fraccionamiento con solventes de polaridad creciente, se obtuvo cuatro extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad en las hojas de Drimys granadensis: Muy apolar (MA), apolar (A), polar (P) y Muy polar (MP), los cuales se obtuvieron al utilizar hexano, cloroformo, acetona y metanol para el fraccionamiento correspondiente. Una vez se obtuvieron los extractos, se sigui贸 el protocolo de Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) para determinar la concentraci贸n m铆nima a la cual se inhibe el crecimiento bacteriano, frente a dos cepas bacterianas Gram positivas: Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermis; y dos Gram negativas: Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli. Como resultado se obtuvo que la fracci贸n polar (P) fue la m谩s efectiva, inhibiendo el crecimiento de todas las cepas bacterianas evaluadas a partir de una concentraci贸n de 15 mg/mL

    Nutritional Content of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Achieved During Biotransformation of Organic Wastes

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    The purpose of the research was to study the nutritional content in the larvae of the black soldier fly BSF (Hermetia Illucens) during the biotransformation of organic wastes at laboratory scale in a controlled reactor, comparing growth at ambient temperatures of 27 and 29 掳C, maintaining relative humidity between 65 and 80 %. Eggs were incubated until hatching, 4 mixtures of organic wastes were evaluated with carbon-nitrogen-ratio (C/N) of 14:1, 12:1, 10:1 and 8:1, composed of fresh, cooked, meat, pruning and grass wastes, with a feeding rate of 47.62 mg substrate/larva路day for 21 days, during growth moisture, pH and ashes of the substrate were measured, length, width and mass of 3% of the population were measured in the larvae. Moisture ashes, ethereal extract, organic nitrogen and crude protein of the larvae of each trial were characterized, obtaining moisture between 64-73, ashes 3.5-5.7, ethereal extract 28-35, crude protein 48-51 and organic nitrogen 7.6-8.4 % at 27 掳C; moisture between 53-60, ashes 4.6-6.4, ethereal extract 34-39, crude protein 41-52 and organic nitrogen 6.6-8.3 % at 29 掳C. The bioconversion rate was between 16-25 % at 27 掳C and 9-20 % at 29 掳C, the conversion efficiency to protein was between 7-13% at 27 掳C and 3.6-9.7 % at 29 掳C; the conversion efficiency to fat was between 1.7-8.4% at 27 掳C and 3.4-6.9 % at 29 掳C; the growth rates show that the larval development speed is an exponential model between the sixth and ninth day of measurement with C/N 14:1 and 10:1 at 27 掳C and between the sixth and eighth day with C/N 12:1 and 10:1 at 29 掳C. BSF larvae are a promising source of food due to the short time utilization of organic residues

    Removal of Azo Dyes Through a Natural Coagulant Obtained from Coffee Waste (coffea Arabica)

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    The present work evaluated the performance of coffee (Coffea Arabica) Caturra variety waste extracts for the removal of two azo dyes used in the textile industry. Ultrasonic extractions were performed to evaluate the effect of particle size and type of residue on the concentration of polyphenols in the extracts, finding that the dehydrated pulp with a particle diameter of 3.375 mm is the residue with the highest yield with 6.96 卤 0.08 milligrams of Gallic Acid in a gram of dry base (mgGAE/gBD); The extract of polyphenolic compounds was dosed in synthetic waters with azo dyes to test its efficacy as a coagulant, using a jar test by varying the doses and pH. It was found that the maximum removal for the acid red dye was 59.37 % of the acid red dye #88 (RD-88) at a concentration of 15 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of the natural coagulant at acid pH and 49.76 % of the acid yellow dye #36 (YD-36) at a concentration of 15 mg/L of the polyphenolic extract at neutral pH. Finally, the results obtained were compared with the performance of aluminum sulfate (AS), which achieved a 65.44% removal of YD-36 at a concentration of 15 mg/L at neutral pH and 95.04% of RD-88 at a concentration of 10 mg/L of metallic coagulant at acid pH. natural coagulants obtained from coffee residues have the potential to be used in the removal of cationic dyes by coagulation processes, it is necessary to carry out tests to optimize the process and improve the coagulant by means of chemical modifications and the use of complementary flocculants

    Liquid waste recovery from flexographic printing industry

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    The graphic printing industry in Colombia is growing as the generation of hazardous waste associated with printing operations. Most of these are not used, so, they generate additional costs when third parties are required to handle, treat and dispose them. In other cases, they are not adequately disposed generating pollution. It is essential to propose processes that are able to recovery the compounds of these residues to prevent environmental impacts generated by them. At the same time, obtain products that can be reused in the printing ink sector or other value-added products. In a first stage, the recovery of the solvents has been considerate since they represent about 93 % of the total waste mixture, by a simple distillation process were obtained a recovery of approximately 95 % of the solvents in the waste mixture. However, the residue remain has not been used yet. So in the research group of unconventional separation processes of the University of America is doing an investigation that allows the recovery of pigments. Since they have the greater economic cost and their disposition in security cells is expensive, this article focuses on the study of the background of printing industry, its waste and antecedents about technologies used for the treatment of waste ink or samplings chemically similar.La industria de impresi贸n gr谩fica en Colombia se encuentra en crecimiento; no obstante, este mayor desarrollo implica una alta generaci贸n de residuos peligrosos asociados a las operaciones de impresi贸n. La mayor铆a de estos residuos no son aprovechados, lo que genera gastos adicionales, pues se requiere la contrataci贸n de terceros para su manejo, tratamiento y disposici贸n final; incluso, en algunos casos, no son dispuestos adecuadamente y generan contaminaci贸n. Se hace indispensable desarrollar procesos que permitan la recuperaci贸n de los constituyentes de estos residuos, de tal forma que se prevengan impactos ambientales y se obtengan productos que puedan ser reutilizados en el sector de tintas de impresi贸n u otro tipo de productos con valor agregado. Se ha planteado la recuperaci贸n de los solventes, que representan alrededor del 93 % del residuo total, por medio de una destilaci贸n simple; proceso en el que se obtiene recuperaci贸n aproximada del 95 %. Sin embargo, el residuo de fondo sigue sin ser aprovechado. Al respecto, el grupo de investigaci贸n Procesos de Separaci贸n no Convencionales (GPS), de la Fundaci贸n Universidad de Am茅rica, est谩 adelantando una investigaci贸n relacionada con la recuperaci贸n de pigmentos, ya que son componentes con un alto costo econ贸mico y su disposici贸n en celdas de seguridad es costosa. Este art铆culo se enfoca en la revisi贸n de estudios sobre la industria de impresi贸n, sus residuos y las tecnolog铆as utilizadas para el tratamiento de residuos de tinta o similares

    Obtenci贸n de coagulantes naturales como alternativa de valorizaci贸n de residuos de la industria de caf茅

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    Los residuos de la industria del caf茅 poseen potencial como fuente de sustancias antioxidantes y coagulantes; se realiz贸 la extracci贸n de polifenoles a partir de granos no maduros del caf茅 Coffea arabica, mediante dos t茅cnicas, extracci贸n asistida con ultrasonido y mediante agitaci贸n mec谩nica, evaluando la influencia del tiempo de extracci贸n, y uso de 4 solventes diferentes; la cuantificaci贸n de polifenoles totales se realiz贸 empleando el m茅todo Folin-Ciocalteu, encontrando que la t茅cnica de ultrasonido a 60 kHz, durante 30 minutos logra la extracci贸n de 129.2 mg de GAE/g de material.</jats:p

    Una mirada a la evaporaci贸n como operaci贸n en la industria qu铆mica

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    La evaporaci贸n como operaci贸n unitaria ha cobrado gran importancia en la industria debido a que puede disminuir los costos del transporte de fluidos sin alterar las propiedades fisicoqu铆micas de la sustancia. Este art铆culo hace una revisi贸n bibliogr谩fica acerca de los diferentes tipos de evaporadores de uso com煤n en la industria, as铆 como de los principales factores que han sido estudiados para mejorar su eficiencia. Igualmente, aqu铆 se trata sobre el modelamiento y simulaci贸n de estos equipos para realizar procesos de optimizaci贸n y sobre el uso de nuevas tecnolog铆as para ampliar el campo de aplicaci贸n de dicho procedimiento.</jats:p

    Recuperaci贸n de solventes de una empresa del sector flexogr谩fico

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    En este trabajo se realiz贸 el muestreo y caracterizaci贸n de los residuos l铆quidos de impresi贸n generados por una empresa flexogr谩fica. La investigaci贸n emple贸 el m茅todo descrito por la NTC 619 para determinar la curva de destilaci贸n y establecer la composici贸n del destilado de nueve fracciones; posteriormente, usando un modelo de destilaci贸n diferencial con arreglo en diferencias finitas, se calcularon las composiciones instant谩neas de fondos. Con el uso del programa Aspen Plus, se calcularon las temperaturas de burbuja bajo dos modelos termodin谩micos, en los que se encontr贸 diferencias significativas con los datos experimentales. Tambi茅n se elaboraron los mapas de curvas residuales para las composiciones normalizadas de los tres compuestos org谩nicos vol谩tiles mayoritarios de la mezcla, lo que report贸 una buena predicci贸n de la composici贸n de fondos con los modelos UNIQUAC y NRTL, frente a los datos obtenidos experimentalmente
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