Dendrograms showing phylogenetic relationships between sequenced E30 isolated during the Cuban epidemic of aseptic meningitis in 2001 and the E30 isolate of the GenBank sequence database.

<p>The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. Strains of E30 known to be highly destructive of primary human insulin producing beta cells are shown in the tree by small black triangles.</p

Innate immunity gene expression in primary human islets cultured after three days of infection with clinical strains of E4, E16 and E30.

<p>Gene expression levels are presented as mRNA expression relative to expression of the housekeeping gene 18(2^_dct). Data are presented as means ± SD and were based on observations from at least three donors. ^†<i>P</i><0.05, between all groups (Islets infected with E4, E16, E30 and uninfected controls). *<i>P</i><0.05, Islets infected with E16 and E30 were compared to E4-inoculated islets and the uninfected control.</p

Viral titers of the clinical strains of E16, E30 strains and E4 in the culture medium of infected primary human islets during 3 days post-infection.

<p>Aliquots of the culture medium were withdrawn day 0 and day 3. Virus titers were obtained using the cell culture infectious dose 50 (CCID50) titration methods. The results are shown as the means ± SD from experiments performed in triplicate.</p

Virus-induced cytopathic effect in primary human pancreatic islets cells.

<p>A. Uninfected islet. B. Islets infected with the E4 isolate 5 days post infection. C. Islets infected with E16 isolates 3 days post infection. D. Islets infected with E30 isolates 3 days post infection. The figure is representative of seven islet donors.</p