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    Microbiota de la leche cruda de bovinos infectados con mastitis subcl铆nica analizados mediante secuenciaci贸n del gen 16S rRNA

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    La metagen贸mica del gen 16S rRNA se ha convertido en una herramienta eficiente para caracterizar las comunidades bacterianas de la leche cruda infectada por mastitis bovina dado que las t茅cnicas dependientes de cultivo no permiten recuperar todos los microorganismos causantes de la enfermedad. En esta investigaci贸n se us贸 la secuenciaci贸n de pr贸xima generaci贸n (NGS) Illumina MiSeq de la regi贸n hipervariable V4 del gen 16S rRNA para identificar la composici贸n bacteriana de la leche cruda de bovinos infectados con mastitis subcl铆nica. El estudio se desarroll贸 en el departamento del Valle del Cauca y las muestras se tomaron en tres hatos con diferentes niveles tecnol贸gicos. El an谩lisis bioinform谩tico se desarroll贸 con el software Mothur V1.35.1 usando la base de datos SILVA como referencia, se alinearon 5.318.994 secuencias con longitud media de 272 pb, se obtuvieron 1.975.322 secuencias 煤nicas y finalmente se obtuvieron los filotipos asignados a nivel g茅nero. Los perfiles filogen茅ticos revelaron que independiente del nivel tecnol贸gico los cuatro filos dominantes fueron: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria y Bacteroidetes. Se detectaron alrededor de 394 g茅neros con abundancia variable donde Pseudomonas y Acinetobacter fueron los g茅neros predominantes en hatos de nivel tecnol贸gico alto y medio, contrario a esto en el hato de nivel tecnol贸gico bajo predomin贸 el g茅nero Staphylococcus. El microbioma central mostr贸 que los taxones bacterianos compartidos por todas las muestras fueron en orden descendente: Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Delftia, Stenotrophomonas. Tambi茅n se identificaron microorganismos patog茅nicos importantes como el g茅nero Escherichia-Shigella. Esta investigaci贸n permiti贸 identificar y comparar en las muestras de leche bacterias pat贸genas asociados a la mastitis subcl铆nica. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden ayudar a formular estrategias para la prevenci贸n y el tratamiento de la mastitis pues se identific贸 de manera precisa las bacterias causales de la enfermedad y por consiguiente reducir las p茅rdidas econ贸micas que incurren por ello.//Abstract: Metagenomics has become an efficient tool to characterize the bacterial communities of raw milk infected by bovine mastitis since culture-dependent techniques do not allow recovering of all the microorganisms that cause the disease. In this research, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of Illumina MiSeq was used to identify the bacterial composition of raw milk from cattle infected with subclinical mastitis using the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The study took place in the department of Valle del Cauca and the samples were taken in three dairy herds with different technological development. The bioinformatic analysis was developed with Mothur V1.35.1 using the SILVA database as a reference. 5,318,994 sequences with an average length of 272 bp were aligned, and 1,975,322 unique sequences were obtained. Finally, the assigned phylotype were obtained at the genus level. The phylogenetic profiles revealed that, regardless of the technological development, the four dominant phyla were: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. About 394 genera were identified with variable abundance where Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were the predominant genera in dairy herds of high and medium technological development. On the contrary, at the dairy herd of low technological development, the genus Staphylococcus was the predominated one. The core microbiome showed that the bacterial taxa shared by all the samples were in descending order as follows: Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Delftia, Stenotrophomonas. In addition, important pathogenic microorganisms such as the genus Escherichia-Shigella were also identified. This research allowed to identify and compare pathogenic bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis in milk samples. The findings of this study can help to formulate strategies for the prevention and treatment of mastitis since the causal bacteria of the disease were precisely identified and, consequently, the economic losses incurred were reduced.Doctorad
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