Experimental determination of lower flammability limits of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP), jet fuel and mixtures at atmospheric and reduced pressures with air

The creation of alternative fuels to reduce CO2 emissions in the aeronautical sector necessitates the determi- nation of their safety properties, among which are their Flammability Limits. Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) are blending components that have already been approved for blending with traditional aviation fuel by up to 10 vol %. Therefore, this manuscript is aimed at experimentally determining the Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) of SIP, jet fuel and mixtures of 10% (F10) and 50% (F50) in mass of SIP at atmospheric and reduced pressures with air. For this purpose, an experimental bench was built in accordance with American Society for Testing and Mate- rials, ASTM E681. The LFL of the samples was initially determined at a pressure of 101.3 kPa and high tem- peratures. Afterward, the LFL of samples was determined at reduced pressures, i.e. 80, 60, 40 and 20 kPa, and also high temperatures. For this analysis, 316 tests were performed. For a better understanding of the experi- mental results, additional material is attached, presenting the temperatures and the volumes used in carrying out each test. Finally, adjustment equations based on the experimental results of this manuscript for SIP, jet fuel, and their mixtures, were presented as a function of temperature and atmospheric pressure

Experimental determination of upper flammability limits of synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP), Jet fuel and their mixtures with air at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressures

Synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) are compounds that can be blended with traditional aviation fuels up to 10% vol. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The safety properties of these fuels need to be determined to guarantee their reliable utilization. These properties include the upper flammability limit (UFL). The objective was to determine experimentally the UFL in air of SIP, jet fuel, and mixtures containing 10% (F10) and 50% (F50) of SIP on a mass basis, respectively. The initial conditions involved different initial temperatures and pressures. The experimental configuration followed the ASTM E681 standard. The temperature range was from 420 to 470 K and the pressure range was from 101.3 kPa to 20 kPa. The results show that the UFLs of the tested compounds have a second-order tendency with respect to pressure and constant temperature. The F10 mixture has a significant reduction of the UFL at 20 kPa. The experimental results were fitted by using regression models and empirical correlations which allow the determination of UFLs at different initial temperatures and pressures

Bioenergia: desenvolvimento, pesquisa e inovação

Com 27 trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores do Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia (Bioen), da Unesp, este livro oferece uma ampla visão sobre as áreas que compõem o segmento. Seu principal objetivo é contribuir para melhorar a compreensão dos vários aspectos da bioenergia, em especial no Brasil, que figura entre os países com maior nível de desenvolvimento tecnológico no setor. Os artigos abordam uma série abrangente de questões relacionadas à bioenergia, como a construção genética das plantas de cana-de-açúcar visando ao aumento de produtividade, a disseminação de sementes para estimular a propagação de espécies com potencial energético, etapas de produção de bioenergia, usos do combustível e seus efeitos nos diversos tipos de motores. Agrupados por assunto, os textos estão distribuídos em cinco partes: Biomassa para bioenergia; Produção de biocombustíveis; Utilização de bioenergia; Biorrefinaria, alcoolquímica e oleoquímica e Sustentabilidade dos biocombustíveis