Extended distribution patterns of the Arabian burnet moth Reissita simonyi (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae; Rebel, 1899) and the Arabian wall brown Lasiommata felix (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae; Warnecke, 1929) in Southern Arabia.

Die aktuelle Verbreitung zweier im Jemen vorkommender Schmetterlingsarten, Lasiommata felix (Warnecke, 1929) und Reissita simonyi (Rebel, 1899) werden vorgestellt. Beide Arten sind endemisch in der Arabischen Halbinsel, und ihre Verbreitung war bisher nur lückenhaft bekannt. Einerseits fasst der Artikel die Resultate zahlreicher Feldaufenthalte nach Südarabien in den Jahren 2001/2002 zusammen, andererseits werden zusätzliche bereits publizierte Arbeiten einer aufmerksamen Aufarbeitung hinsichtlich der Verbreitung unterzogen. Zahlreiche neue Fundorte für beide Schmetterlingsarten im Jemen werden veröffentlicht. Gegenwärtig ist Reissita simonyi von Al Hada, vic. Ta´if, Asir in Saudi-Arabien bis zur Province Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, N von Juffa im Oman bekannt. Lasiommata felix ist von Ta´if in Saudi-Arabien bis zur Region Jaffah, östlich von Taiz/Jemen in Südarabien verbreitet. L. felix scheint auf den westlichen Gebirgszug entlang des Roten Meeres beschränkt zu sein, während R. simonyi eine Teilung in zwei Subspezies zeigt: R. simonyi yemenicola, welche ebenfalls entlang des Roten Meeres zu finden ist und R. simonyi simonyi, welche entlang des Indischen Ozeans bis in den Oman verbreitet ist. Des Weiteren ist in diesem Zusammenhang eine kurze Beschreibung der morphologischen Merkmale und phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen dieser Arten gegeben.Stichwörter Reissita simonyi, Lasiommata felix, distribution pattern, endemism, Southern Arabia, Yemen.The extended distribution patterns of two faunal elements of Yemen, Lasiommata felix (Warnecke, 1929) and Reissita simonyi (Rebel, 1899) are presented. Both species are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula and information about distribution patterns has been rather fragmentary so far. The paper summarizes the results of several field trips to Southern Arabia in 2001/2002 and reviews additional published evidence on the distribution patterns. Numerous new localities for both studied species from Yemen are offered. Currently, Reissita simonyi is known from Al Hada, vic. Ta´if, Asir in Saudi Arabia to Province Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, N of Juffa in Oman. Lasiommata felix is distributed from Ta´if, Saudi Arabia to the Jaffah area, E of Taiz/Yemen in Southern Arabia. L. felix seems to be limited to the western escarpment along the Red Sea, whereas R. simonyi shows a division into two subspecies: R. simonyi yemenicola, which also occurs along the mountainous areas along the Red Sea and R. simonyi simonyi, which is distributed along the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, a brief description of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of these species is given in this context.Keywords Reissita simonyi, Lasiommata felix, distribution pattern, endemism, Southern Arabia, Yemen

Phylogeographical Analysis of mtDNA Data Indicates Postglacial Expansion from Multiple Glacial Refugia in Woodland Caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>)

<div><p>Glacial refugia considerably shaped the phylogeographical structure of species and may influence intra-specific morphological, genetic, and adaptive differentiation. However, the impact of the Quaternary ice ages on the phylogeographical structure of North American temperate mammalian species is not well-studied. Here, we surveyed ∼1600 individuals of the widely distributed woodland caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>) using mtDNA control region sequences to investigate if glacial refugia contributed to the phylogeographical structure in this subspecies. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction, a median-joining network, and mismatch distributions supported postglacial expansions of woodland caribou from three glacial refugia dating back to 13544–22005 years. These three lineages consisted almost exclusively of woodland caribou mtDNA haplotypes, indicating that phylogeographical structure was mainly shaped by postglacial expansions. The putative centres of these lineages are geographically separated; indicating disconnected glacial refugia in the Rocky Mountains, east of the Mississippi, and the Appalachian Mountains. This is in congruence with the fossil record that caribou were distributed in these areas during the Pleistocene. Our results suggest that the last glacial maximum substantially shaped the phylogeographical structure of this large mammalian North American species that will be affected by climatic change. Therefore, the presented results will be essential for future conservation planning in woodland caribou.</p> </div

Geographical distribution of lineages A1–A3.

<p>Current spatial distribution of the three identified lineages A1 (red), A2 (blue), and A3 (green). The maximum extension of the Laurentide ice sheet is given as a solid grey line.</p

Geographical distribution of central haplotypes of lineages A1–A3.

<p>Current spatial distribution of central haplotypes in lineages A1 (red shading: H10, H54, and H75), A2 (blue shading: H43 and H47), and A3 (green shading: H1 and H5). The maximum extension of the Laurentide ice sheet is given as a solid grey line.</p

Results of demographic analyses for each lineage.

<p>Number of haplotypes N(H) in each haplogroup (HG), number of polymorphic sites N(PS), and nucleotide diversity (π) are given. Harpending’s raggedness (r), Ramos-Onsins & Rozas’ (R2), and Fu’s Fs estimates for the mismatch distributions are shown.</p

Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstruction.

<p>Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstruction using mitochondrial control region haplotypes. Bayesian posterior probability (≥ 75%) are shown. Coloured branches represent haplogroups (red = A1, blue = A2, green = A3). The branch labelled with an * is shortened by 90%.</p

a–c. Mismatch distributions of lineages A1–A3.

<p>Mismatch distribution of pairwise nucleotide differences of mtDNA control region sequences among individuals within haplogroups A1 (Fig. 5a), A2 (Fig. 5b), and A3 (Fig. 5c). Figures show observed values of number of pairwise differences, model frequencies under a sudden expansion model, and lower and upper bounds of model frequencies.</p