Flight crew aiding for recovery from subsystem failures

Some of the conceptual issues associated with pilot aiding systems are discussed and an implementation of one component of such an aiding system is described. It is essential that the format and content of the information the aiding system presents to the crew be compatible with the crew's mental models of the task. It is proposed that in order to cooperate effectively, both the aiding system and the flight crew should have consistent information processing models, especially at the point of interface. A general information processing strategy, developed by Rasmussen, was selected to serve as the bridge between the human and aiding system's information processes. The development and implementation of a model-based situation assessment and response generation system for commercial transport aircraft are described. The current implementation is a prototype which concentrates on engine and control surface failure situations and consequent flight emergencies. The aiding system, termed Recovery Recommendation System (RECORS), uses a causal model of the relevant subset of the flight domain to simulate the effects of these failures and to generate appropriate responses, given the current aircraft state and the constraints of the current flight phase. Since detailed information about the aircraft state may not always be available, the model represents the domain at varying levels of abstraction and uses the less detailed abstraction levels to make inferences when exact information is not available. The structure of this model is described in detail

Ovarian and cervical cancer awareness: development of two validated measurement tools.

The aim of the study was to develop and validate measures of awareness of symptoms and risk factors for ovarian and cervical cancer (Ovarian and Cervical Cancer Awareness Measures)

Telerobotic workstation design aid

Telerobot systems are being developed to support a number of space mission applications. In low earth orbit, telerobots and teleoperated manipulators will be used in shuttle operations and space station construction/maintenance. Free flying telerobotic service vehicles will be used at low and geosynchronous orbital operations. Rovers and autonomous vehicles will be equipped with telerobotic devices in planetary exploration. In all of these systems, human operators will interact with the robot system at varied levels during the scheduled operations. The human operators may be in either orbital or ground-based control systems. To assure integrated system development and maximum utility across these systems, designers must be sensitive to the constraints and capabilities that the human brings to system operation and must be assisted in applying these human factors to system development. The simulation and analysis system is intended to serve the needs of system analysis/designers as an integrated workstation in support of telerobotic design

Origin of the high piezoelectric response in PbZr(1-x)TixO3

High resolution x-ray powder diffraction measurements on poled PbZr(1-x)TixO3 (PZT) ceramic samples close to the rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary (the so-called morphotropic phase boundary, MPB) have shown that for both rhombohedral and tetragonal compositions, the piezoelectric elongation of the unit cell does not occur along the polar directions but along those directions associated with the monoclinic distortion. This work provides the first direct evidence for the origin of the very high piezoelectricity in PZT.Comment: 4 pages, 4 EPS figures embedded. More specific title and abstract. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Constitutional Restraints on Protecting State Interests in Water Rights

33 pages. Contains references

Bradwell v. State: Some Reflections Prompted by Myra Bradwell\u27s Hard Case That Made Bad Law

Bradwell and Slaughter-House deserve study together for a second reason. These two decisions provide useful lessons for our time about the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).10 They demonstrate that the consequences of a constitutional amendment—particularly one written in abstract and grand terms like the fourteenth amendment or the ERA—are unpredictable and dependent upon imponderables such as the sequence of cases on the Court\u27s calendar

Constitutional Restraints on Protecting State Interests in Water Rights

33 pages. Contains references

Where Does the Beach Begin, and to What Extent Is This a Federal Question?

In Hughes v. State, the Washington Supreme Court decided that the boundary between upland and tideland is the vegetation line as it existed in 1889. Its decision conflicts with an earlier decision of the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which followed the United States Supreme Court\u27s decision in City of Los Angeles v. Borax Consol., Ltd. The decisions conflict both on criteria for locating the boundary and on its fixed or movable character. Underlying both questions are fundamental issues about the extent to which state or federal law provides the answers. After extensive analysis of these answers, Professor Corker concludes that unless the United States Supreme Court grants certiorari in Hughes, the confusion which has long characterized this field will continue. Professor Corker analyzes both the substantive and jurisdictional issues. While sharply critical of the Washington Supreme Court\u27s techniques of decision, he argues that state law, either directly or as incorporated in federal law, must influence the ultimate decision if just and workable boundary rules are to result. His conclusion requires modification or rejection of the Borax decision, which he asserts even the United States Bureau of Land Management has honored by a policy of conscious forgetfulness

Thou Shalt Not Fill Public Waters Without Public Permission—Washington\u27s Lake Chelan Decision

On December 4, 1969, the public won a significant victory in the Supreme Court of Washington. The court ordered defendants who had filled their lands, which are seasonally inundated by the waters of Lake Chelan, to remove the fill because it obstructed the rights of plaintiffs and the public to swim, boat, fish, bathe, recreate, and navigate in the waters of the lake. This principle applies to all navigable waters of the state The sweeping character of the decision is demonstrated by the narrow ground on which three of the judges dissented, in part, to Judge Mathew W. Hill\u27s majority opinion. The dissenters would have allowed the fill to remain, because it was on land above what had been the natural level of Lake Chelan before a hydroelectric project initiated in 1927 caused the lake surface to fluctuate seasonally