Pentanahan Menggunakan Elektroda Batang dan Elektroda Mesh dengan Penambahan Bentonit dan Garam Murni (NaCl), Studi Kasus ; ITERA

Pentanahan merupakan hal penting untuk melindungi sistem tenaga listrik. ITERA sebagai kampus baru dan pada tahap pengembangan membutuhkan pengujian sistem pentanahan untuk rencana pembangunan fasilitas dan fasilitas pendukung kegiatan kampus. Semua bangunan harus memiliki keandalan pentanahan sehingga gangguan pada peralatan listrik dan elektronik tidak membahayakan keselamatan. Faktor tanah menjadi salah satu parameter penting karena memiliki karakteristik nilai resistansi berbeda yang tergantung pada jenis tanah, jenis sistem pentanahan, suhu, kelembaban, kandungan elektrolit dalam tanah dan lainnya. Untuk alasan ini, perlu untuk membangun sebuah sistem yang cocok dengan karakteristik tanah ITERA sehingga nilai resistansi tanah yang kecil tercapai dan mencapai titik aman, maksimum 5 Ω (PUIL 2000). Uji pentanahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode variasi kedalaman dari dua jenis elektroda dan variasi konsentrasi dua jenis zat tambahan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan garam dan bentonite sebagai zat campur tanah. Pada kondisi awal dengan variasi kedalaman 20 cm hingga 100 cm pada dua jenis elektroda tanpa penambahan zat tambahan diketahui bahwa resistansi bumi di atas 5 Ω yang tidak mencapai kondisi aman. Penambahan bentonit dan garam menyebabkan resistensi tanah berkurang dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi zat aditif dan meningkatnya kedalaman implantasi elektroda. Nilai resistansi tanah yang aman dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan elektroda mesh pada konsentrasi 7 kg garam dengan kedalaman 30 cm dan 40 cm pada konsentrasi 7 kg bentonit, sedangkan menggunakan elektroda batang, nilai aman dapat diperoleh dengan menambahkan 7 kg garam atau 7 kg bentonit pada kedalaman 80 cm

Historical perceptions of Roman Catholicism and national identity, 1869-1919

This thesis seeks to illustrate and explain the fundamental changes which occurred in English attitudes to Roman Catholicism, and in the construction of English national identity, in the late nineteenth and early twentiethcentury. It argues that the excltisivist Protestant identity of the nation, which had hitherto been maintained by an anti-Catholic historical narrative, was challenged by the development of a confident Roman Catholic historical consciousness which was believed to be based on an authoritative, 'scientific' appreciation of England's medieval past. The thesis offers the first systematic analysis of Francis Gasquet's historical works. It examines their intellectual origins and formation, and situates Gasquet in relation to the increasingly respected academic discipline of history. It argues that his writing played an important role in reshaping scholarly and popular attitudes to the role Roman Catholics had played in the national past, and should play in the contemporary public sphere. Gasquet's historical credentials were essential to the English Roman Catholic Church's campaign to secure a papal condemnation of Anglican orders. This thesis analyses the role historical consciousness played in the inter-Church polemics of the 1890s. It argues that these texts reinforced popular recognition of the historical consistency of Roman Catholicism, and transferred much of England's residual anti-Catholic animus to Anglican ritualism. The thesis concludes by exploring how Anglo-Vatican diplomacy, stimulated by the national security imperatives of World War One, highlighted the political value of the new position of the Roman Catholic Church in the English public sphere. Through a study of the British Mission to the Holy See based on extensive use of British and Roman archives, it argues that English national identity was finally freed from its traditional opposition to the role of the papacy within Roman Catholicism

Modifikasi Sudu-sudu Blower Sentrifugal yang Diaplikasikan pada Turbin Pico Hydro

The water turbine must be specially designed according to the calculation of its energy potential, proportional to the height of the falling water and the discharge. This research is conducted to study the solution fluid engine that functions as a pico hydro water turbine, namely a centrifugal blower with a simple construction, operating at low head, small discharge, easy installation and operation and low price. The blower used in this test is a blower that is already on the market with an impeller diameter of 15 cm, inlet size of 2 inches. The test was carried out at a constant head (falling water height) of 5 m. The working principle of the blower is reversed, that is, water from a certain height flows through the rapid pipe and enters the exhaust side of the blower until the water moves the blower and exits through the blower inlet to the draftube. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of modification of the blades on the increase in efficiency of the picohydro turbine. This study uses an analytical method with testing parameters based on calculating the value of water discharge, water power, torque, turbine mechanical power and turbine efficiency. To increase the power and efficiency of the blower as a turbine, modifications are made to the blower blades. With the modification of the blower blades, the turbine efficiency increases by 10% from before the modification

La Comunicazione Integrata tra Uffici per le Relazioni con il Pubblico della Pubblica Amministrazione

The hypothesis to start a collaboration between Public Relation Offices in relation to the institutional mission to create a system of integrated communication is the consequence of the existence of a "cultural difficulty" to enable the comprehension and acceptance of the role of the URP in their own structures and of the presence of an "inner" difficulty of communication. Therefore information flows become negative in relation to the needs of the customers whose satisfaction is instead the main objective of the new model of Public Administration. The definition of the proposal of a plan on a possible interaction between URP is the consequence of the reflection on art.8 item 2 letter e) of law 150/2000, "Discipline of the activities of information and communication of Public Administration": “Public Administration sees to the reorganization of the Public Relation Offices ... guaranteeing the mutual information between the Public Relation Offices of several Administrations". The proposal to collaborate to the definition of the plan "Integrated communication between URP", is based on the following objectives: identification of joint interventions in order to optimize the actions of communication, creation of a system of permanent synergies between services, performance of communication at several levels and creation of one interactive net, creation of an active and integrated communication between Administrations and Agencies. The following set of researches refers to the activity of work group set up and management.Communication integrated; Public Relations Offices; Public Administration

La mission manageriale risorsa delle aziende

A new approach to quality policies in companies concerns the evaluation of the mission of top management. This topic has the goal to define the indispensable factors for top management to activate a new organisation in companies and afterwards to determine a pattern of social indicators concerning the quality of labour of workers and middle managementMission, Top management, Middle management, Valuation, Quality of companies, Quality of labour, Quality of life

Electrochemical and photocatalytic reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated by raman spectroscopy

This paper presents the study of photochemical behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), potential pollutants in secondary reactions in aerosols, through Raman spectroscopy compared with its electrochemical behavior. The PAHs studied include pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene and fluorene. These were adsorbed onto TiO2 and irradiated with ultraviolet light (254 nm). Their electrochemical oxidation was studied by in situ Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and led to the formation of carbonyl-containing products. Oxidized intermediates bearing the C=O group were also formed during photodegradation. The joint analysis of the photodegradation data with those produced by electrochemical means - using spectroscopic techniques for the identification and characterization of the products - revealed the formation of identical products for anthracene, but not for pyrene. A reasonable explanation for this difference in results is that photochemical and electrochemical oxidation reactions proceed via different mechanisms. While photocatalytic degradation over TiO2 is initiated by hydroxyl radicals, electrochemical oxidation is initiated by the direct electron transfer from adsorbed PAH to the electrode, generating PAH cation radicals that undergo subsequent reactions.Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento fotoquímico de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs), potenciais poluentes secundários em reações em aerossóis, através de espectroscopia Raman em comparação com seu comportamento eletroquímico. Os HPAs estudados incluem pireno, antraceno, fenantreno e fluoreno. Esses foram adsorvidos sobre o catalisador TiO2 e irradiados com radiação ultravioleta (254 nm). A oxidação eletroquímica foi estudada via espectroscopia Raman intensificada pela superfície (SERS) in situ e levou à formação de produtos carbonilados. Intermediários oxidados contendo o grupo C=O foram também observados nos processos de fotodegradação. A comparação entre os intermediários formados nos processos fotoquímicos e eletroquímicos revela produtos idênticos para o antraceno, mas não para o pireno. Esse resultado advém da diferença de mecanismo para esses dois processos. A degradação fotocatalítica sobre TiO2 é iniciada por radicais hidroxila, enquanto a oxidação eletroquímica é iniciada por transferência eletrônica direta com o HPA adsorvido no eletrodo, gerando cátions radicais do HPA que desencadeiam as reações subseqüentes.FAPESPCNP

Camille de Toledo, Visiter le Flurkistan. Ou les illusions de la littérature-monde

Nell’ambito del vasto ed appassionante dibattito sollevato dall’ormai celebre Manifeste pour une littérature-monde en français – pubblicato su «Le Monde» nel marzo 2007 e firmato da 44 scrittori di lingua francese – la lettura critica e polemica di Camille de Toledo merita senz’altro una particolare attenzione, tanto per la meticolosa analisi dei contenuti, della retorica e delle implicazioni teoriche del manifesto, quanto per la visione alternativa dei rapporti tra la letteratura e il reale ..